Source: AGRICOLA database (1970-1996)

Santamour, F. S., Jr. (1999). Progress in the development of borer-resistant white-barked birches. Journal of Arboriculture. May 25(3): 151-162. {a} U.S. National Arboretum, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, 20002, USA

Stiller, V. and J. S. Sperry (1999). Canny's compensating pressure theory fails a test. American Journal of Botany. Aug. 86(8): 1082-1086. {a} Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA

Knutson, M. G. and E. E. Klaas (1998). Floodplain forest loss and changes in forest community composition and structure in the Upper Mississippi River: A wildlife habitat at risk. Natural Areas Journal 18(2): 138-150. {a} U.S. Geol. Survey, Biol. Resources Div., Upper Miss. Sci. Cent., 2630 Fanta Reed Rd., P.O. Box 818, La Crosse, WI 54602, USA

McLeod, K. W. and T. G. Ciravolo (1998). Boron tolerance and potential boron removal by bottomland tree seedlings. Wetlands 18(3): 431-436. Savannah River Ecology Lab., Univ. Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA

Ruter, J. M. (1998). Fertilizer rate and pot-in-pot production increase growth of heritage river birch. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 16(3): 135-138. {a} Department of Horticulture, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31793-0748, USA

Skelly, J. M., J. L. Innes, et al. (1998). Investigations of ozone induced injury in forests of southern Switzerland: Field surveys and open-top chamber experiments. Chemosphere 36(4-5): 995-1000. Dep. Plant Pathol., Environ. Resources Res. Inst., Pa. State Univ., University Park, PA 16802, USA

Richer, L. C., J. A. Rioux, et al. (1997). Evaluation of hardiness of Betula pendula and Betula nigra to the Canadian north-east climatic conditions. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77(3): 445-451. {a} Ferme Rech., Agric. Agroalimentaire Can., 430 Blvd. Gowin, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, PQ J3B 3E6, Canada

Sivyer, D., J. R. Harris, et al. (1997). Evaluation of a pan evaporation model for estimating post-planting street tree irrigation requirements. Journal of Arboriculture 23(6): 250-256. {a} Bureau Parks Forestry, 2839 Dana St., Norfolk, VA 23509, USA

Ruter, J. M. (1996). High-temperature tolerance of heritage river birch roots decreased by pot-in-pot production systems. Hortscience 31(5): 813-814. Dep. Horticulture, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Univ. Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA

Niswander, S. F. and W. J. Mitsch (1995). Functional analysis of a two-year-old created in-stream wetland: Hydrology, phosphorus retention, and vegetation survival and growth. Wetlands 15(3): 212-225. {a} Sch. Natural Resources, Ohio State Univ., 2021 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH 43210-1085, USA

Ranney, T. G. and E. P. I. Whitman (1995). Growth and Survival of 'Whitespire' Japanese Birch Grafted on Rootstocks of five Species of Birch. Hortscience 30(3): 521-522. {a} Dep. Horticultural Sci., Mountain Horticultural Crops Res., N.C. State Univ., 2016 Fanning Bridge Rd., Fletcher, NC 28732-9216, USA

Williams, J. D., D. C. Fare, et al. (1995). Superior shade tree selections for the southeastern United States. Journal of Arboriculture 21(3): 118-121. Dep. Horticulture, Alabama Agric. Experiment Station, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA

Anisko, T., O. M. Lindstrom, et al. (1994). Development of a cold hardiness model for deciduous woody plants. Physiologia Plantarum 91(3): 375-382. {a} Dep. Horticulture, Univ. Ga., Ga. Experiment Station, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA

Paschke, M. W., J. O. Dawson, et al. (1994). Frankia in prairie, forest, and cultivated soils of central Illinois, USA. Pedobiologia 38(6): 546-551. {a} Colo. State Univ., Rangeland Ecosystem Sci. Dep., Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA

Ranney, T. G. and R. E. Bir (1994). Comparative flood tolerance of birch rootstocks. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119(1): 43-48. Dep. Hortic. Sci., Mountain Hortic. Crops Res. Extension Cent., North Carolina State Univ., 2016 Fanning Bridge Rd., Fletcher, NC 28732-9216, USA

Ranney, T. G. and M. M. Peet (1994). Heat tolerance of five taxa of birch (Betula): Physiological responses to supraoptimal leaf temperatures. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119(2): 243-248. {a} Dep. Horticulture Sci., Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Cent., North Carolina State Univ., 2016 Fanning Bridge Rd., Fletcher, NC 28732-9216, USA

Ruter, J. M. (1994). Growth responses of four vigorous-rooted tree species in cupric hydroxide-treated containers. Hortscience 29(9): 1089. Dep. Horticulture, Coastal Plain Exp. Stn., Univ. Ga., Tifton, GA 31793, USA

Dollar, K. E., S. G. Pallardy, et al. (1992). Composition and environment of floodplain forests of northern Missouri. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22(9): 1343-1350. {a} Sch. Natural Resources, Univ. Mo., Columbia, Mo. 65211, USA

Frye, J. and W. Grosse (1992). Growth responses to flooding and recovery of deciduous trees. Zietschrift fuer Naturforschung Section C Journal of Biosciences 47(9-10): 683-689. {a} Botanisches Inst., Univ. Koeln, Gyrhofstrasse 15, D-W-5000 Koeln 41, Germany

Hua, Y., M. D. Bentley, et al. (1991). Triterpenes from the outer bark of Betula nigra. Journal Of Wood Chemistry And Technology 11(4): 503-516.

Ranney, T. G., R. E. Bir, et al. (1991). Comparative drought resistance among six species of birch (Betula): Influence of mild water stress on water relations and leaf gas exchange. Tree Physiology 8(4): 351-360.

Sarkilahti, E. (1991). Induced changes of ploidy level in Betula and their possibilities in breeding. Luonnon Tutkija 95(1-2): 131-134.

Smith, M. A. L., K. T. McClelland, et al. (1991). Anomalous root structure on woody plants in vitro. Journal Of Environmental Horticulture 9(2): 61-64.

Warren, S. L. and W. A. Skroch (1991). Evaluation of six herbicides for potential use in tree seed beds. Journal Of Environmental Horticulture 9(3): 160-163.

Wollenweber, E., K. Mann, et al. (1991). Flavonoid aglycones from the bud exudates of three Betulaceae. Zeitschrift Fuer Naturforschung Section C Biosciences 46(5-6): 495-497.

Dirr, M. A. (1990). Effects of P-ITB and IBA on the rooting response of 19 landscape taxa. Journal Of Environmental Horticulture 8(2): 83-85.

McClelland, M. T. and M. A. L. Smith (1990). Vessel type, closure, and explant orientation influence in vitro performance of five woody species. Hortscience 25(7): 797-800.

McClelland, M. T., M. A. L. Smith, et al. (1990). The effects of in vitro and ex vitro root initiation on subsequent microcutting root quality in three woody plants. Plant Cell Tissue And Organ Culture 23(2): 115-124.

Uhlarik, C. A., J. E. Ebinger, et al. (1990). A study of four river birch stands in Mason and Cass Counties, Illinois (USA). Transactions Of The Illinois State Academy Of Science 83(3-4): 149-155.

Jones, R. H., R. R. Sharitz, et al. (1989). Effects of flooding and root competition on growth of shaded bottomland hardwood seedlings. American Midland Naturalist 121(1): 165-175.

Miller, R. B. and E. Cahow (1989). Wood identification of commercially important North American species of birch (Betula spp.). Iawa 10(4): 364-373.

Von, D. C. D. and D. E. Gill (1989). Geographic variation and evolution in the life cycle of the witch-hazel leaf gall aphid, Hormaphis hamamelidis. Oecologia 78(2): 165-175.

Dunn, C. P. and F. Stearns (1987). A comparison of vegetation and soils in floodplain and basin forested wetlands of southeastern Wisconsin (USA). American Midland Naturalist 118(2): 375-384.

Martin, J. M. and T. D. Sydnor (1987). Differences in wound closure rates in 12 tree species. Hortscience 22(3): 442-444.

Martin, J. M. and T. D. Sydnor (1987). Wound healing in street trees. Ohio Agricultural Research And Development Center Research Circular(291): 1-2.

Runkle, J. R. and G. G. Whitney (1987). Vegetation-site relationships in the Lake Katharine State Preserve, Ohio (USA): A northern outlier of the mixed mesophytic forest. Ohio Journal Of Science 87(1): 36-40.

Palmer, M. W. (1986). Pattern in corticolous bryophyte communities of the North Carolina (USA) Piedmont: Do mosses see the forest or the trees? Bryologist 89(1): 59-65.

Barnes, W. J. (1985). Population dynamics of woody plants on a river island. Canadian Journal Of Botany 63(3): 647-655.

Wittwer, R. F. and J. W. Stringer (1985). Biomass production and nutrient accumulation in seedling and coppice hardwood plantations. Forest Ecology And Management 13(3-4): 223-234.

Tripepi, R. R. and C. A. Mithcell (1984). Metabolic response of river birch (Betula nigra) and European birch (Betula pendula) roots to hypoxia. Plant Physiology 76(1): 31-35.

Kedves, M. and A. Pardutz (1983). Scanning electron microscopy of some selected recent Amentiflorae pollen: 2. Acta Universitatis Szegediensis Acta Biologica 29(1-4): 67-76.

Yakovleva, O. V. (1400). Formation of leaf epidermal mucilage cells in dicotyledons: Results of electron microscopy. Botanicheskii Zhurnal 75(10): 1400-1408.

Umbach, D. M. and D. D. Davis (1213). Influence of humidity and temperature during exposure on sulfur dioxide-induced leaf necrosis of Virginia pine and river birch. Canadian Journal Of Forest Research 17(10): 1213-1218.

Hupp, C. R. (1209). Riparian vegetation recovery patterns following stream channelization: A geomorphic perspective. Ecology 73(4): 1209-1226.