Source: AGRICOLA database (1970-1996)

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Cherian, T. (2000). Effect of papaya latex extract on gravid and non-gravid rat uterine preparations in vitro. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. [print] June 70(3): 205-212. {a} Department of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Dahl, S. W., C. Slaughter, et al. (2000). Carica papaya glutamine cyclotransferase belongs to a novel plant enzyme subfamily: Cloning and characterization of the recombinant enzyme. Protein Expression and Purification. [print] October 20(1): 27-36. {a} Unizyme Laboratories A/S, Dr. Neergaards Vej 17, DK-2970, Horsholm, Denmark

Edwin, F. and M. V. Jagannadham (2000). Single disulfide bond reduced papain exists in a compact intermediate state. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. [print] 15: 1-2. {a} Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India

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Elder, R. J., W. N. B. Macleod, et al. (2000). Growth and yield of 3 hybrid papayas (Carica papaya L.) under mulched and bare ground conditions. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. [print] 40(5): 747-754. {a} Department of Primary Industries, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia

Eusebio, P. S. and R. M. Coloso (2000). Nutritional evaluation of various plant protein sources in diets for Asian sea bass Lates calcarifer. Journal of Applied Ichthyology. [print] April 16(2): 56-60. {a} Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Tigbauan, Iloilo, 5021, Philippines

Gandhi, N. N. and K. D. Mukherjee (2000). Specificity of papaya lipase in esterification with respect to the chemical structure of substrates. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Feb. 48(2): 566-570. {a} Institute for Biochemistry and Technology of Lipids, Federal Centre for Cereal Potato and Lipid Research, H. P. Kaufmann-Institute, Piusallee 68, D-48147, Muenster, Germany

Hewitt, H., S. Whittle, et al. (2000). Topical use of papaya in chronic skin ulcer therapy in Jamaica. West Indian Medical Journal. March 49(1): 32-33. {a} Department of Advanced Nursing Education, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica

Khan, S. A. and J. Iqbal (2000). Polyclonal-antibody-mediated insolubilization and stabilization of papain. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. [print] October 32(2): 89-94. {a} Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202 002, India

Kwit, C., W. J. Platt, et al. (2000). Post-hurricane regeneration of pioneer plant species in south Florida subtropical hardwood hammocks. Biotropica . [print] June 32(2): 244-251. {a} Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA

Lai, C. C., S. D. Yeh, et al. (2000). Enhancement of papaya axillary shoot proliferation in vitro by controlling the available ethylene. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica Taipei. [print] July 41(3): 203-212. {a} Department of Botany, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan

Lans, C., T. Harper, et al. (2000). Medicinal plants used for dogs in Trinidad and Tobago. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. [print] 45(3-4): 201-220. {a} 17 Cadiz Road, Belmont, Port Of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago

Lee, K. T. and T. A. Foglia (2000). Synthesis, purification, and characterization of structured lipids produced from chicken fat. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. [print] October 77(10): 1027-1034. {a} USDA, ARS, ERRC, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA

Lohiya, N. K., N. Pathak, et al. (2000). Contraceptive evaluation and toxicological study of aqueous extract of the seeds of Carica papaya in male rabbits. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. April 70(1): 17-27. {a} Reproductive Physiology Section, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302 004, India

Makino, Y., A. Shimazaki, et al. (2000). Processing pathway deduced from the structures of N-glycans in Carica papaya. Journal of Biochemistry Tokyo. [print] June 127(6): 1121-1126. {a} Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan

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Pathak, N., P. K. Mishra, et al. (2000). Sterility due to inhibition of sperm motility by oral administration of benzene chromatographic fraction of the chloroform extract of the seeds of Carica papaya in rats. Phytomedicine Jena. [print] July 7(4): 325-333. {a} Reproductive Physiology Section, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302 004, India

Rattanapanone, N., C. Chongsawat, et al. (2000). Fresh-cut fruits in Thailand. Hortscience . [print] July 35(4): 543-546. {a} Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

Salomao, A. N. and R. C. Mundim (2000). Germination of papaya seed in response to desiccation, exposure to subzero temperatures, and gibberellic acid. Hortscience . [print] August 35(5): 904-906. {a} Embrapa-Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia, 70849-970, Brasilia, DF, Brazil

Sarma, H. N. and H. C. Mahanta (2000). Modulation of morphological changes of endometrial surface epithelium by administration of composite root extract in albino rat. Contraception . [print] July 62(1): 51-54. {a} Department of Zoology, Arunachal University, Itanagar, 791 111, India

Singh, R., L. Singh, et al. (2000). Comparison of phylloplane mycoflora, total sugar, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and phenols in healthy and mosaic virus-infected leaves of Carica papaya L. Advances in Plant Sciences. [print] June 13(1): 331-333. {a} Department of Botany, Meerut College, Meerut, India

Singh, S. K., H. C. Sharma, et al. (2000). Enhancing in vitro shoot tip culture establishment of bearing and mature papaya plants. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. [print] June 6(2): 169-173. {a} Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110 012, India

Steinke, G., R. Kirchhoff, et al. (2000). Lipase-catalyzed alcoholysis of crambe oil and camelina oil for the preparation of long-chain esters. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. April 77(4): 361-366. {a} Federal Centre for Cereal, Potato and Lipid Research, Institute for Biochemistry and Technology of Lipids, H.P. Kaufmann-Institute, Piusallee 68, D-48147, Muenster, Germany

Tokumoto, M., Y. Tabei, et al. (2000). Adventitious embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from ovules of unpollinated ovaries of papaya (Carica papaya L.). Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science. March 69(2): 195-201. {a} Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station, Naha, 903-0814, Japan

Vierheilig, H., R. Bennett, et al. (2000). Differences in glucosinolate patterns and arbuscular mycorrhizal status of glucosinolate-containing plant species. New Phytologist. [print] May 146(2): 343-352. {a} Institut fuer Botanik, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Zellescher Weg 22, D-01062, Dresden, Germany

Wang, H., K. Imao, et al. (2000). Antioxidant property of fermented papaya preparation. Research Communications in Biochemistry and Cell and Molecular Biology. [print] 4(1-2): 141-147. {a} Institute for Life Support Technology, Yamagata Technopolis Foundation, 2-2-1 Matsuei, Yamagata, 990-2473, Japan

Wang, W. J., J. Q. Lin, et al. (2000). Binding between flavin mononucleotide and glycollate oxidase from higher plants. Acta Botanica Sinica. [print] Mar 42(3): 239-243. {a} College of Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China

Wood, C. B., H. W. Pritchard, et al. (2000). Desiccation-induced dormancy in papaya (Carica papaya L.) seeds is alleviated by heat shock. Seed Science Research. [print] June 10(2): 135-145. {a} Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex, RH17 6TN, UK

Yu, T. A., S. D. Yeh, et al. (2000). Efficient rooting for establishment of papaya plantlets by micropropagation. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture. [print] 61(1): 29-35. {a} Department of Botany, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan

Zhou, L., D. A. Christopher, et al. (2000). Defoliation and fruit removal effects on papaya fruit production, sugar accumulation, and sucrose metabolism. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. [print] September 125(5): 644-652. {a} Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI, 96822-2279, USA

Ackerly, D. (1999). Self-shading, carbon gain and leaf dynamics: A test of alternative optimality models. Oecologia Berlin. May 119(3): 300-310. {a} Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

Aradhya, M. K., R. M. Manshardt, et al. (1999). A phylogenetic analysis of the genus Carica L. (Caricaceae) based on restriction fragment length variation in a cpDNA intergenic spacer region. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. Dec. 46(6): 579-586. {a} Department of Horticulture, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA

Aruna, K., V. Vimala, et al. (1999). Physico-chemical changes during storage of papaya fruit (Carica papaya L.) Bar (Thandra). Journal of Food Science and Technology. Sept. Oct. 36(5): 428-433. {a} Department of Foods and Nutrition, Post-Graduate and Research Centre, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030, India

Borgdorf, R. and S. Warwel (1999). Substrate selectivity of various lipases in the esterification of cis- and trans-9-octadecenoic acid. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. April 51(4): 480-485. {a} Federal Centre for Cereal, Potato and Lipid Research, Institute for Biochemistry and Technology of Lipids, H.P. Kaufmann Institute, Piusallee 68, D-48147, Munster, Germany

Borth, W. B., D. E. Ullman, et al. (1999). Elimination of phytoplasmas as causal agents of macadamia decline and non-ripening of papaya. Tropical Agriculture. Jan. 76(1): 36-44. {a} Department of Plant Pathology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA

Cai, W., C. Gonsalves, et al. (1999). A protocol for efficient transformation and regeneration of Carica papaya L. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology Plant 35(1): 61-69. {a} Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA

Czaplewski, C., Z. Grzonka, et al. (1999). Binding modes of a new epoxysuccinyl-peptide inhibitor of cysteine proteases. Where and how do cysteine proteases express their selectivity? Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. May 18(2): 290-305. {a} Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Sobieskiego 18, 80-952, Gdansk, Poland

De, L. R. S. J., B. Schneider, et al. (1999). Genetic variability in phytoplasmas associated with papaya yellow crinkle and papaya mosaic diseases in Queensland and the Northern Territory. Australasian Plant Pathology 28(2): 108-114. {a} School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Northern Territory University, Darwin, NT, 0909, Australia

Escriche, I., E. Acosta, et al. (1999). Shelf life of minimally processed papaya (Carica papaya) obtained by vacuum osmotic dehydration. Alimentaria . [print] Oct 36(306): 105-109. {a} Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera, 14, 46022, Valencia, Spain

Fouzder, S. K., S. D. Chowdhury, et al. (1999). Use of dried papaya skin in the diet of growing pullets. British Poultry Science. March 40(1): 88-90. {a} Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh

Hossain, M. S. and B. R. Banik (1999). Physiological studies on the pathogen Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae: Causing fruit rot of brinjal. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. Dec. 33(4): 274-280. {a} RARS, Jamalpur, 2000, Bangladesh

Imao, K., M. Komatsu, et al. (1999). Inhibitory effect of fermented papaya preparation on oxidative DNA damage and tissue injury in the brain formed during iron-induced epileptogenesis in rats. Journal of Brain Science. [print] 25(1-2): 71-77. {a} Institute for Life Support Technology, Yamagata Technopolis Foundation, 2-2-1 Matsuei, Yamagata, 990-2473, Japan

Kadiri, S., A. Arije, et al. (1999). Traditional herbal preparations and acute renal failure in South West Nigeria. Tropical Doctor. Oct. 29(4): 244-246. {a} Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

Liberato, J. R., J. S. Tatagiba, et al. (1999). Phytotoxicity of triazole fungicides to papaya. Fitopatologia Brasileira. June 24(2): 192. {a} Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologias Agropecuarias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 28015-620, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil

Lin, C. T., T. J. Kuo, et al. (1999). Characterization of the dimer-monomer equilibrium of the papaya copper/zinc superoxide dismutase and its equilibrium shift by a single amino acid mutation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. July 47(7): 2944-2949. {a} Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 2024, Taiwan

Lohiya, N. K., P. K. Mishra, et al. (1999). Reversible azoospermia by oral administration of the benzene chromatographic fraction of the chloroform extract of the seeds of Carica papaya in rabbits. Advances in Contraception 15(2): 141-161. {a} Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, RAJ, 302 004, India

Lohiya, N. K., N. Pathak, et al. (1999). Reversible contraception with chloroform extract of Carica papaya Linn. seeds in male rabbits. Reproductive Toxicology 13(1): 59-66. {a} Reproductive Physiol. Sect., Dep. Zool., Univ. Rajasthan, Jaipu-302 004, India

Ludwig, M. J., R. N. Bennett, et al. (1999). The host range of Plasmodiophora brassicae and its relationship to endogenous glucosinolate content. New Phytologist. March 141(3): 443-458. {a} Botanisches Institut, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitaet, Siesmayerstrasse 70, 60054, Frankfurt, Germany

Mangos, T. J., K. C. Jones, et al. (1999). Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of structured low-calorie triacylglycerols. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. Oct. 76(10): 1127-1132. {a} USDA, ARS, ERRC, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA

Mani, M. and A. Krishnamoorthy (1999). Natural enemies and host plants of spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus disperusus Russel (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Bangalore, Karnataka. Entomon . March 24(1): 75-80. {a} Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta, 560089, Bangalore, India

Miller, W. R. and R. E. McDonald (1999). Irradiation, stage of maturity at harvest, and storage temperature during ripening affect papaya fruit quality. Hortscience . Oct. 34(6): 1112-1115. {a} U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2120 Camden Road, Orlando, FL, 32803-1419, USA

Moutim, V., L. G. Silva, et al. (1999). Spontaneous processing of peptides during coagulation of latex from Carica papaya. Plant Science Shannon. March 142(2): 115-121. {a} Departament of Bioquimica, Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

Oluma, H. O. A. and E. U. Amuta (1999). Corynespora cassiicola leaf spot of pawpaw (Carica papaya L.) in Nigeria. Mycopathologia 145(1): 23-27. {a} Department of Biological Sciences, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

Parasnis, A. S., W. Ramakrishna, et al. (1999). Microsatellite (GATA)n reveals sex-specific differences in Papaya. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Oct. 99(6): 1047-1052. {a} Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India

Ram, M., D. Ram, et al. (1999). Studies on intercropping of patchouli (Pogostemon patchouli) with papaya (Carica papaya). Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences. June 21(2): 358-360. {a} Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India

Ramkhelawan, E., N. Baksh, et al. (1999). Propagation of papaya (Carica papaya L.) by in vivo methods in Trinidad. Tropical Agriculture. April 76(2): 126-130. {a} Central Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources, Via Arima P.O., Centeno, Trinidad and Tobago

Ronse, D. L. P. and E. F. Smets (1999). The floral development and anatomy of Carica papaya (Caricaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany. April 77(4): 582-598. {a} Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Botanical Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, B-3001, Heverlee, Belgium

Shimazaki, A., Y. Makino, et al. (1999). A new sugar chain of the proteinase inhibitor from latex of Carica papaya. Journal of Biochemistry Tokyo. March 125(3): 560-565. {a} Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1, Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan

Siddiqui, Z. M., S. A. Farooq, et al. (1999). High efficiency clonal propagation of Carica papaya L. under in vitro conditions through epicotyl explants. Advances in Plant Sciences. Dec. 12(2): 341-344. {a} Cytogenetics and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Botany Department, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007, India

Singh, H. P., I. S. Yadav, et al. (1999). Current status of tropical fruits in India. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. Aug. 68(8 spec. issue): 494-507. {a} Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Government of India, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, 110 001, India

Subroto, T., S. Sufiati, et al. (1999). Papaya (Carica papaya) lysozyme is a member of the family 19 (Basic, Class II) chitinases. Journal of Molecular Evolution. Dec. 49(6): 819-821. {a} Biochemisch Laboratorium, Rijksuniversiteit, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands

Tapia, M. S., M. A. Lopez, et al. (1999). Minimally processed papaya by vacuum osmotic dehydration (VOD) techniques. Food Science and Technology International. Feb. 5(1): 41-49. {a} Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Calle Suapure Lomas de Bello Monte, Caracas, 1041 A, Venezuela

Taylor, M. A. J., s. M. Al, et al. (1999). cDNA cloning and expression of Carica papaya prochymopapain isoforms in Escherichia coli. Plant Science Shannon. July 145(1): 41-47. {a} Reading Laboratory, Institute of Food Research, Earley Gate, Whiteknights Road, Reading, RG6 6BZ, UK

Walraevens, V., P. M. C. Vandermeers, et al. (1999). Isolation and primary structure of the CCI papain-like cysteine proteinases from the latex of Carica candamarcensis hook. Biological Chemistry. April 380(4): 485-488. {a} Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium

Wolters, B. (1999). Dispersion and ethnobotany of the cacao tree and other amerindian crop plants. Journal of Applied Botany. Sept. 73(3-4): 128-137. {a} Heinrichstrasse 29, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany

Ali, Z. M., S. Y. Ng, et al. (1998). Isolation, characterization and significance of papaya beta-galactanases to cell wall modification and fruit softening during ripening. Physiologia Plantarum 104(1): 105-115. {a} Dep. Botany, Fac. Life Sci., Univ. Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Aruna, K., K. D. Lakshmi, et al. (1998). Development and storage stability of cereal-based papaya (Carica papaya L.) powder. Journal of Food Science and Technology 35(3): 250-254. {a} Post Grad. Studies Res. Cent., Accharya N. G. Ranga Agric. Univ., Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, India

Bak, S., H. L. Nielsen, et al. (1998). The presence of CYP79 homologues in glucosinolate-producing plants shows evolutionary conservation of the enzymes in the conversion of amino acid to aldoxime in the biosynthesis of cyanogenic glucosides and glucosinolates. Plant Molecular Biology 38(5): 725-734. {a} Plant Biochem. Lab., Dep. Plant Biol., Royal Vet. Agric. Univ., 40 Thorvaldsensvej, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark

Begum, A. and R. B. Qadri (1998). Studies on the proteolytic activity of papaya juice. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 41(3): 151-155. {a} PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Off University Road, Karachi, 75280, Pakistan

Bravo, I. S. J. and F. S. Zucoloto (1998). Performance and feeding behavior of Ceratitis capitata: Comparison of a wild population and a laboratory population. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 87(1): 67-72. {a} FFCLUSP, Dep. Biol., Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 14040-901 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil

Camarco, R. F. E. A., J. A. A. Lima, et al. (1998). Transmission and presence in the soil of papaya lethal yellowing virus. Fitopatologia Brasileira 23(4): 453-458. {a} Lab. Virol. Veg., Dep. Fitotecnia, Univ. Fed. Ceara, Caxia Postal 12.168, CEP 60356-000 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

Cano, M. P., M. G. Lobo, et al. (1998). Peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in long-term frozen stored papaya slices. Differences among hermaphrodite and female papaya fruits. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 76(1): 135-141. {a} Plant Food Sci. Technol. Dep., Instituto del Frio, Ciudad Univ., 28040-Madrid, Spain

Castillo, B., M. A. L. Smith, et al. (1998). Liquid system scale up of Carica papaya L. somatic embryogenesis. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 73(3): 307-311. {a} Dep. Nat. Resources and Environ. Sci., Univ. Ill., Urbana, IL 61801-4778, USA

Castillo, B., M. A. L. Smith, et al. (1998). Plant regeneration from encapsulated somatic embryos of Carica papaya L. Plant Cell Reports 17(3): 172-176. {a} Dep. Natural Resources and Environmental Sci., 1021 Plant Sci. Lab., 1201 S. Dorner Dr., MC-634, Univ. Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801-4778, USA

Dunkley, H. M. and K. D. Golden (1998). ACC oxidase from Carica papaya: Isolation and characterization. Physiologia Plantarum 103(2): 225-232. Dep. Biochem., Univ. West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica

Elder, R. J. and K. L. Bell (1998). Establishment of Chilocorus spp. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in a Carica papaya L. orchard infested by Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Australian Journal of Entomology 37(4): 362-365. {a} Dep. Primary Industries, P.O. Box 6014, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia

Elder, R. J., D. Smith, et al. (1998). Successful parasitoid control of Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Carica papaya L. Australian Journal of Entomology 37(1): 74-79. {a} Queensl. Dep. Primary Ind., PO Box 6014, Rockhampton Mail Centre, QLD 4072, Australia

Eusebio, P. S. and R. M. Coloso (1998). Evaluation of leguminous seed meals and leaf meals as plant protein sources in diets for juvenile Penaeus indicus. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture Bamidgeh 50(2): 47-54. {a} Aquacult. Dep., Southeast Asian Fish. Dev. Cent., Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines

Gibb, K. S., B. Schneider, et al. (1998). Differential detection and genetic relatedness of phytoplasmas in papaya. Plant Pathology Oxford 47(3): 325-332. {a} Fac. Sci., Northern Territory Univ., Darwin, NT 0909, Australia

Guthrie, J. N., D. T. White, et al. (1998). Epidemiology of phytoplasma-associated papaya diseases in Queensland, Australia. Plant Disease 82(10): 1107-1111. {a} Plant Sci. Group, Sch. Biol. Environ. Sci., Central Queensl. Univ., Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia

Ikeuchi, Y., N. A. Katerelos, et al. (1998). The enhancing of a cysteine proteinase activity at acidic pH by protein engineering, the role of glutamic 50 in the enzyme mechanism of caricain. FEBS Letters 437(1-2): 91-96. {a} Wolfson Protein Eng. Facility, Sch. Plant Sci., Plant Sci. Lab., Univ. Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, UK

Imao, K., H. Wang, et al. (1998). Free radical scavenging activity of fermented papaya preparation and its effect on lipid peroxide level and superoxide dismutase activity in iron-induced epileptic foci of rats. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International 45(1): 11-23. {a} Inst. Life Support Technol., Yamagata Technopolis Foundation, 2-2-1 Matsuei, Yamagata 990-2473, Japan

Khan, A. R. and M. N. G. James (1998). Molecular mechanisms for the conversion of zymogens to active proteolytic enzymes. Protein Science 7(4): 815-836. {a} MRC Group Protein Structure and Function, Dep. Biochem., Univ. Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada

Koudande, O. D. and M. Ehouinsou (1998). Effect of the density on the biomass production on African giant snails Archatina marginata in Benin. Tropicultura . [print] 17(3): 127-129. {a} Department of Animal Breeding, Wageningen Agricultural University, 6700 AH, Wageningen, Netherlands

Lai, C. C., T. A. Yu, et al. (1998). Enhancement of in vitro growth of papaya multishoots by aeration. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 53(3): 221-225. {a} Dep. Botany, Natl. Chung-Hsing Univ., Taichung, Taiwan

Lavania, U. C. (1998). On the identification of medicinal plants to initiate genome research. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences 20(4): 994-995. {a} Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, UP, 226 015, India

Lay, Y. M., G. K. Clare, et al. (1998). Quality and disease incidence of 'Waimanalo Solo' papaya following forced-air heat treatments. Hortscience 33(5): 878-880. Hortic. Food Res. Inst. New Zealand, Mt. Albert Res. Cent., Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand

Lin, M. T., T. J. Kuo, et al. (1998). Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from papaya fruit and overexpression in Escherichia. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 46(1): 344-348. {a} Inst. Marine Biotechnology, Natl. Taiwan Ocean Univ., 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 2024, Taiwan

Lobo, M. G. and M. P. Cano (1998). Preservation of hermaphrodite and female papaya fruits (Carica papaya L., Cv Sunrise, Solo group) by freezing: Physical, physico-chemical and sensorial aspects. Zeitschrift fuer Lebensmittel Untersuchung und Forschung A 206(5): 343-349. {a} Dep. Plant Food Sci. Technol., Inst. del Frio, Consejo Superior Invest. Cien., Ciudad Univ., E-28040 Madrid, Spain

Magdalita, P. M., R. A. Drew, et al. (1998). An efficient interspecific hybridisation protocol for Carica papaya L. x C. cauliflora Jacq. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 38(5): 523-530. {a} Sch. Land Food, Univ. Queensl., Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

Marler, T. E. and M. V. Mickelbart (1998). Drought, leaf gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence of field-grown papaya. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 123(4): 714-718. Coll. Agric. Life Sci., Univ. Guam, UOG Stn., Mangilao 96923, Guam

Morshidi, M. (1998). Genetic control of isozymes in Carica papaya L. Euphytica 103(1): 89-94. {a} Fac. Resource Sci. Technol., Univ. Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

Mukherjee, K. D. and I. Kiewitt (1998). Structured triacylglycerols resembling human milk fat by transesterification catalyzed by papaya (Carica papaya) latex. Biotechnology Letters 20(6): 613-616. {a} Inst. Biochem. Technol. Lipids, H. P. Kaufmann-Inst., Federal Centre Cereal, Potato and Lipid Res., Piusallee 68, D-48147 Muenster, Germany

Mukherjee, K. D. and I. Kiewitt (1998). Substrate specificity of lipases in protease preparations. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 46(6): 2427-2432. {a} Inst. Biochem. Technol. Lipids, H.P. Kaufmann-Inst., Fed. Cent. Cereal Potato Lipid Res., Piusallee 68, D-48147 Muenster, Germany

Oberg, K. A., J. M. Ruysschaert, et al. (1998). Papaya glutamine cyclase, a plant enzyme highly resistant to proteolysis, adopts an all-beta conformation. European Journal of Biochemistry 258(1): 214-222. {a} Unite Recherche: Chimie Proteines, Univ. Libre Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Route Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium

Paz, L. and Y. C. Vazquez (1998). Comparative seed ecophysiology of wild and cultivated Carica papaya trees from a tropical rain forest region in Mexico. Tree Physiology 18(4): 277-280. {a} Inst. Ecol. UNAM, Apartado Postal 70-275, Ciudad Univ., 04510 Mexico, DF, Mexico

Purwanto, Z. I. and M. Maha (1998). Effects of heat, irradiation and their combination on the keeping quality of papaya (Carica papaya Linn.). Atom Indonesia. [print] January 24(1): 33-40.

Richard, F. F., M. Cerny, et al. (1998). Isolation and characterization of a 'quinone-trapping' substance from a crude Carica papaya protein preparation. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 33(3): 285-296. {a} INRA, Station Technologie, Domaine St Paul, Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon Cedex, France

Roberts, P. D. and E. Trujillo (1998). First report of Phytophthora nicotianae causing leaf blight, fruit rot, and root rot of papaya in American Samoa. Plant Disease 82(6): 712. {a} Univ. Fla., Southwest Fla. Res. Education Cent., Immokalee, FL 34143, USA

Saxena, S., V. Hallan, et al. (1998). Nucleotide sequence and intergeminiviral homologies of the DNA-A of papaya leaf curl geminivirus from India. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International 45(1): 101-113. Plant Virus Lab., Natl. Bot. Res. Inst., Lucknow 226 001, India

Saxena, S., V. Hallan, et al. (1998). Evidence from nucleic acid hybridization tests for a geminivirus infection causing leaf curl disease of papaya in India. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 36(2): 229-232. {a} Plant Virus Lab., Natl. Bot. Res. Inst., Lucknow 226 001, India

Saxena, S., V. Hallan, et al. (1998). Leaf curl disease of Carica papaya from India may be caused by a bipartite geminivirus. Plant Disease 82(1): 126. Plant Virus Lab., Natl. Botanical Res. Inst., Lucknow 226 001, India

Sharma, P. and C. N. Srivastava (1998). Relative efficacy of some important plant tissue extracts against Culex larvae. Journal of Entomological Research New Delhi. Dec. 22(4): 377-380. {a} Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed University), Dayalbagh, Agra, 282005, India

Siddique, A. B. M., J. N. Guthrie, et al. (1998). Histopathology and within-plant distribution of the phytoplasma associated with Australian papaya dieback. Plant Disease 82(10): 1112-1120. {a} Plant Sci. Group, Sch. Biol. Environ. Sci., Central Queensl. Univ., Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia

Singh, A. K. and G. Singh (1998). Effect of time of planting on growth, fruiting behaviour and sex relations of papaya (Carica papaya). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 68(12): 769-772. {a} Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, UP, 226 002, India

Tona, L., K. Kambu, et al. (1998). Antiamoebic and phytochemical screening of some Congolese medicinal plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 61(1): 57-65. {a} Dep. Pharmaceutical Sci., Univ. Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B 2610 Wilrikjk, Antwerp, Belgium

Torija, E., C. Diez, et al. (1998). Influence of freezing process on free sugars content of papaya and banana fruits. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 76(3): 315-319. {a} Dep. Nutr. Bromatol. II Bromatol., Fac. Farm., UCM Ciudad Univ., s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain

Vegas, A., A. Gonzalez, et al. (1998). Difficulties in the serological diagnosis of attenuated strains of the papaya ringspot virus. Fitopatologia Venezolana. July Dec 11(2): 40-44. {a} Departamento de Biotecnologia, FONAIAP, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Maracay, Venezuela

White, D. T., L. L. Blackall, et al. (1998). Phylogenetic positions of phytoplasmas associated with dieback, yellow crinkle and mosaic diseases of papaya, and their proposed inclusion in 'Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense' and a new taxon, 'Candidatus Phytoplasma australasia'. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 48(3 Part 4): 941-951. {a} Plant Sci. Group, Primary Ind. Res. Centre, Sch. Biol. Environ. Sci., Central Queensl. Univ., Rockhampton, QLD 4072, Australia

Zerhouni, S., A. Amrani, et al. (1998). Purification and characterization of papaya glutamine cyclotransferase, a plant enzyme highly resistant to chemical, acid and thermal denaturation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1387(1-2): 275-290. {a} Protein Chem. Dep. CP 609, Fac. Med., Free Univ. Brussels, Campus Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium

Akah, P. A., A. N. Oli, et al. (1997). Preliminary studies on purgative effect of Carica papaya root extract. Fitoterapia 68(4): 327-331. {a} Dep. Pharmacol. Toxicol., Univ. Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

Almeida, A. M. S. F. D., M. S. N. D. A. Santos, et al. (1997). Host status of selected plant species for Meloidogyne megadora. Nematropica 27(1): 1-6. {a} Dep. Zoologia, Inst. do Ambiente e Vida, Univ. de Coimbra, Portugal

Aluja, M., A. Jimenez, et al. (1997). Habitat manipulation to reduce papaya fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) damage: Orchard design, use of trap crops and border trapping. Journal of Economic Entomology 90(6): 1567-1576. {a} Inst. Ecol., A. C., Apartado Postal 63, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico

Azarkan, M., A. Amrani, et al. (1997). Carica papaya latex is a rich source of a class II chitinase. Phytochemistry Oxford 46(8): 1319-1325. {a} Protein Chemistry Dep., Faculty Med., Free Univ. Brussels, Brussels, Belgium

Bautista, R. C. and E. J. Harris (1997). Effect of insectary rearing on host preference and oviposition behavior of the fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 83(2): 213-218. Tropical Fruit Vegetable Research Lab., United States Dep. Agric., Agric. Research Serv., 2727 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA

Bennett, R. N., G. Kiddle, et al. (1997). Biosynthesis of benzylglucosinolate, cyanogenic glucosides and phenylpropanoids in Carica papaya. Phytochemistry Oxford 45(1): 59-66. {a} Biochemistry Physiol. Dep., IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2LQ, UK

Castillo, B., M. A. L. Smith, et al. (1997). Interactions of irradiance level and iron chelate source during shoot tip culture of Carica papaya L. Hortscience 32(6): 1120-1123. {a} Dep. Nat. Resour. Environ. Sci., Univ. Ill., Urbana, IL 61801-4778, USA

Chin, A. H. G., O. Normah, et al. (1997). Chemical characteristics of papaya for specific product requirements. Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Science 25(2): 207-214. {a} Food Technol. Cent., MARDI Headquarters, P.O. Box 12301, 50774 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Chinoy, N. J., H. Joshi, et al. (1997). Antifertility investigations of alcoholic papaya seed extract in female rats. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences 19(2): 422-426. Reproductive Endocrinol. Toxicol. Unit, Dep. Zool., Sch. Sci., Gujarat Univ., Ahmedabad-380 009, India

Chinoy, N. J., A. S. Multani, et al. (1997). Effects of papaya seed benzene extract on sister chromatid exchanges, chromosomal aberrations and cell cycle proliferative index in human lymphocytes. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences 19(2): 403-405. Div. Human Genet., Dep. Zool., Univ. Sch. Sci., Gujarat Univ., Ahmedabad-380 009, India

Chinoy, N. J., K. G. Patel, et al. (1997). Reversible effects of aqueous extract of papaya seed on microenvironment and sperm metabolism of cauda epididymis of rat. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences 19(3): 717-723. Reprod. Endocrinol. Toxicol. Unit, Dep. Zool., Sch. Sci. Gujarat Univ., Ahmedabad-380009, India

De, L. F. J. M., R. V. Ramirez, et al. (1997). Aluminum tolerance in transgenic plants by alteration of citrate synthesis. Science Washington D C 276(5318): 1566-1568. {a} Dep. Ingenieria Genet., Cent. Invest. Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Irapuato, Apdo. Postal 629, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico

Deund, S. S., L. V. Kulwal, et al. (1997). Performance of some papaya (Carica papaya L.) varieties under Akola conditions. PKV Research Journal 21(2): 181-182. Dep. Hortic., Dr. PDKV, Akola, India

Echeverri, F., F. Torres, et al. (1997). Danielone, a phytoalexin from papaya fruit. Phytochemistry Oxford 44(2): 255-256. {a} Univ. Antioquia, Dep. Quimica, A.A. 1226, Medellin, Colombia

Foglia, T. A. and P. Villeneuve (1997). Carica papaya latex-catalyzed synthesis of structured triacylglycerols. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 74(11): 1447-1450. {a} USDA, ARS, ERRC, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA

Giordani, R., C. Gachon, et al. (1997). A synergistic effect of Carica papaya latex sap and fluconazole on Candida albicans growth. Mycoses 40(11-12): 429-437. {a} Lab. Botanique Cryptogamie Biol. Cellulaire, Univ. de Mediterranee, Fac. Pharmacie, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, F-13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France

Grau, A. and S. Halloy (1997). Effect of chilling on CO-2 gas-exchange in Carica papaya L. and Carica quercifolia (A. St. Hil.) Solms. Journal of Plant Physiology 150(4): 475-480. Biodiversity Programme, Crop and Food Res., Invermay Res. Cent., Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel, New Zealand

Hulshof, P. J. M., C. Xu, et al. (1997). Application of a validated method for the determination of provitamin A carotenoids in Indonesian foods of different maturity and origin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 45(4): 1174-1179. Dep. Hum. Nutr., Wageningen Agricultural Univ., P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands

Inglessis, M. V., M. A. Vielma, et al. (1997). Preliminary studies for an efficient regeneration and transformation of Carica papaya L. var. Thailand red. Acta Cientifica Venezolana 48(3): 154-159. {a} Centro Ingenieria Genetica, Fac. Ciencias, Univ. Los Anges, Apartado 37, Merida 5101, Venezuela

Jobin, D. M. P., G. C. Graham, et al. (1997). RAPD and isozyme analysis of genetic relationships between Carica papaya and wild relatives. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 44(5): 471-477. {a} Hortic. Postharvest Group, Dep. Primary Ind., 19 Hercules Street, Hamilton, QLD 4007, Australia

Kobuchi, H. and L. Packer (1997). Bio-normalizer modulates interferon-gamma-induced nitric oxide production in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International 43(1): 141-152. {a} Energy and Environment Div., Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., Univ. California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA

Kozak, M., E. Kozian, et al. (1997). Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of a new crystal form of papain from Carica papaya. Acta Biochimica Polonica 44(3): 601-605. {a} Cent. Biocrystallographic Res., Inst. Bioorganic Chem., Polish Acad. Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland

Kumar, G. P., S. Sudheesh, et al. (1997). A comparative study on the hypolipidemic activity of eleven different pectins. Journal of Food Science and Technology 34(2): 103-107. {a} Dep. Biochemistry, Univ. Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvanathapuram 695 581, India

Lin, C. T., M. T. Lin, et al. (1997). Cloning and characterization of a cDNA for 1-aminocyclopropane-1 carboxylate oxidase from papaya fruit. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 45(2): 526-530. {a} Inst. Marine Biotechnol., National Taiwan Ocean Univ., 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 2024, Taiwan

Lius, S., R. M. Manshardt, et al. (1997). Pathogen-derived resistance provides papaya with effective protection against papaya ringspot virus. Molecular Breeding 3(3): 161-168. {a} Dep. Horticulture, Univ. Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA

Mackeen, M. M., A. M. Ali, et al. (1997). Antinematodal activity of some Malaysian plant extracts against the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Pesticide Science 51(2): 165-170. {a} Dep. Biotechnol., Univ. Putra, Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Magdalita, P. M., R. A. Drew, et al. (1997). Morphological, molecular and cytological analyses of Carica papaya X C. cauliflora interspecific hybrids. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 95(1-2): 224-229. {a} Dep. Agric., Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

Magdalita, P. M., I. D. Godwin, et al. (1997). Effect of ethylene and culture environment on development of papaya nodal cultures. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 49(2): 93-100. {a} Dep. Agric., Univ. Queensl., St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia

Magdalita, P. M., D. M. Persley, et al. (1997). Screening Carica papaya X C. cauliflora hybrids for resistance to papaya ringspot virus-type P. Plant Pathology Oxford 46(6): 837-841. {a} Dep. Agric., Univ. Queensl., Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

Marler, T. E. and H. M. Discekici (1997). Root development of 'Red Lady' papaya plants grown on a hillside. Plant and Soil 195(1): 37-42. Coll. Agric. Life Sci., Univ. Guam, 303 University Drive, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA

Mason, M. G. and J. R. Botella (1997). Identification and characterisation of two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase cDNAs expressed during papaya (Carica papaya) fruit ripening. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 24(2): 239-244. Plant Genetic Eng. Lab., Dep. Botany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

Penzhiev, A. M. (1997). Technology of growing melon-tree (Carica papaya) in arid zone conditions. Problemy Osvoeniya Pustyn'(2): 88-93. {a} Natl. Inst. Sport Tourism Turkm., Ashgabat, Turkmenistan

Queiroz, F. M., M. D. F. S. Muniz, et al. (1997). Stem rot of papaya 'Sunrise-Solo' caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae in the State of Alagoas, Brazil. Summa Phytopathologica 23(1): 44-45. {a} EPEAL, Caixa Postal 699, 57018-330 Maceio, AL, Brazil

Reis, A., R. L. R. Mariano, et al. (1997). Phytophthora palmivora, causal agent of root and fruit rots of papaya in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Fitopatologia Brasileira 22(4): 565. {a} Area Fitossanidade, Dep. Agronomia, Univ. Federal Rural Pernambuco, CEP 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil

Rojo, H. P., E. N. Quiroga, et al. (1997). The effects of a selection of alkaloids on the invertase activity of some higher plants. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International 43(6): 1331-1338. {a} Catedra Fitoquim., Inst. Est. Veg., Fac. Bioquim. Quim. Farm., Univ. Nac. Tucuman, Ayacucho 461 4000, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina

Shukor, A. R. A. and O. A. Shokri (1997). Respiratory activity and compositional changes in Eksotika papaya fruit following storage in low-oxygen atmosphere. Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Science 25(1): 85-93. {a} Horticulture Res. Cent., MARDI Headquarters, P.O. Box 12301, 50774 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Silva, A. M. R., E. W. Kitajima, et al. (1997). Papaya lethal yellowing virus: A possible member of the Tombusvirus genus. Fitopatologia Brasileira 22(4): 529-534. {a} Dep. Fitopatologia, Univ. Brasilia, CEP 70919-970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil

Silva, L. G., O. Garcia, et al. (1997). Changes in protein profile during coagulation of latex from Carica papaya. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 30(5): 615-619. {a} Dep. Bioquim. Imunol., Inst. Ciencias Biol., Univ. Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

Subhadrabandhu, S. and C. Nontaswatsri (1997). Combining ability analysis of some characters of introduced and local papaya cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae Amsterdam 71(3-4): 203-212. {a} Dep. Hortic., Fac. Agric., Kasetsart Univ., Bangkok 10900, Thailand

Suksa, A. P., I. Kataoka, et al. (1997). Hormonal and nutritional factors affecting shoot growth of papaya in vitro. Kagawa Daigaku Nogakubu Gakujutsu Hokoku 49(2): 165-170. {a} Fac. Agric., Kagawa Univ., Miki-cho, Kagawa-ken, Japan

Vianna, G. R., F. A. A. Couto, et al. (1997). Use of rifampicin on bacterial decontamination of papaya field-grown tissue cuttings for in vitro culture. Bragantia 56(2): 249-254. {a} CENARGEN/EMBRAPA, Caixa Postal 02372, 70770-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil

Villeneuve, P., M. Pina, et al. (1997). Specificity of Carica papaya latex in lipase-catalyzed interesterification reactions. Biotechnology Techniques 11(2): 91-94. {a} Eastern Regional Res. Center, U.S. Dep. Agriculture, Agricultural Res. Serv., 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA

Villeneuve, P., A. Skarbek, et al. (1997). Catalytic behavior of Carica papaya latex in transesterification reactions. Biotechnology Techniques 11(9): 637-639. {a} Hides Lipids Wool Res. Unit, USDA, ERRC, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19038, USA

White, D. T., S. J. Billington, et al. (1997). DNA sequence analysis supports the association of phytoplasmas with papaya (Carica papaya) dieback, yellow crinkle and mosaic. Australasian Plant Pathology 26(1): 28-36. {a} Dep. Biol., Cent. Queensland Univ., Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia

Wills, R. B. H. and S. B. Widjanarko (1997). Effects of storage at subambient temperatures on ripening of Australian papaya. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37(1): 127-129. Dep. Food Technology, Univ. Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia

Withopf, B., E. Richling, et al. (1997). Sensitive and selective screening for 6'-O-malonylated glucoconjugates in plants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 45(3): 907-911. {a} Lehrstuhl Lebensmitttelchemie, Univ. Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany

Aleemullah, M. and K. B. Walsh (1996). Australian papaya dieback: Evidence against the calcium deficiency hypothesis and observations on the significance of laticifer autofluorescence. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47(3): 371-385. {a} Dep. Biol., Central Queensland Univ., Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia

Azarkan, M., M. Nijs, et al. (1996). Chromatographic behavior of mPEG-papaya proteinases conjugates examined on ion-exchange and hydrophobic gel media. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 60(2): 167-183. {a} Service de Chimie Generale, Faculte de Medecine, ULB, Campus de la Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium

Azarkan, M., R. T. Wintjens, et al. (1996). S-pegylthiopapain, a versatile intermediate for the preparation of the fully active form of the cysteine proteinase archetype. Journal of Chromatography A 724(1-2): 185-192. {a} Serv. Chimie General, Fac. Med., Univ. Libre Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, Boulevard Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium

Baker, K. C., M. A. J. Taylor, et al. (1996). Autocatalytic processing of pro-payaya proteinase IV is prevented by crowding of the active-site cleft. Protein Engineering 9(6): 525-529. {a} Dep. Food Macromol. Sci., Inst. Food Res., Reading Lab., Earley Gate, Whiteknights Rd., Reading RG6 2EF, UK

Balakrishna, P. S. and M. R. Naidu (1996). Definition of papain purpose papaya through simple correlations: An attempt. Crop Improvement 23(1): 158-160. {a} SPIC-Agro Biotech Centre Chithirai Chavadi, Pooluvapatti P.O. Siruvani Road, Coimbatore-641101, India

Bautista, R. C. and E. J. Harris (1996). Effect of fruit substrates on parasitization of tephritid fruit flies (Diptera) by the parasitoid Biosteres arisanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Environmental Entomology 25(2): 470-475. Tropical Fruit Vegetable Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 2280, Honolulu, HI 96804, USA

Boczek, J. and A. Chandrapatya (1996). Studies on eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea): XX. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Biological Sciences 44(1-2): 83-92. {a} Dep. Applied Entomol., Warsaw Agric. Univ., Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland

Cabrera, P. J. L., G. A. Vegas, et al. (1996). Regeneration of transgenic papaya plants via somatic embryogenesis induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology Plant 32(2): 86-90. {a} Cent. Invest. Estudios Avanzados IPN, Dep. Ingeniera Genet. Plantas, Apdo. Postal 629, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico

Cano, M. P., M. G. Lobo, et al. (1996). Polyphenol oxidase from Spanish hermaphrodite and female papaya fruits (Carica papaya Cv. sunrise, solo group). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 44(10): 3075-3079. {a} Plant Foods Sci. Technol. Dep., Inst. Frio, Ciudad Univ., 28040 Madrid, Spain

Chan, H. T., Jr., J. M. Maindonald, et al. (1996). ACC oxidase in papaya sections after heart treatment. Journal of Food Science 61(6): 1182-1185. {a} USDA-ARS, Tropical Fruit Vegetable Res. Lab., Hilo, HI 96720, USA

Chan, H. T., Jr., K. A. Nishijima, et al. (1996). Thermal death kinetics of some common postharvest pathogens of papaya. Hortscience 31(6): 998-1002. U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., Tropical Fruit Vegetable Res. Lab., P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720, USA

Chan, Y. K. and C. Mak (1996). Simultaneous selection for yield and stability in papaya (Carica papaya L.). MARDI Research Journal 24(1): 1-11. {a} Hortic. Res. Cent., MARDI Headquarters, P.O. Box 12301, 50774 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Chang, L. S. (1996). Response of papaya cultivars to inoculation with the SMN papaya ringspot viral strain. Fruit Varieties Journal 50(2): 80-85. Dep. Horticulture Sci., Natl. Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan

Chen, H. Y., Y. K. Lu, et al. (1996). Analysis of pigment degradation in exocarp of papaya during late ripening. Journal of the Chinese Agricultural Chemical Society 34(4): 460-468. {a} Inst. Bot., Acad. Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan

Chen, U. C. and M. T. Tseng (1996). Change in morphology and moisture content of papaya (Carica papaya L.) seeds during germination. Journal of the Agricultural Association of China(176): 112-121. {a} Dep. Agron., Taiwan Agric. Res. Inst., Wufeng, Taichung 41301, Taiwan

Cheng, Y. H., J. S. Yang, et al. (1996). Efficient transformation of papaya by coat protein gene of papaya ringsport virus mediated by Agrobacterium following liquid-phase wounding of embryogenic tissues with carborundum. Plant Cell Reports 16(3-4): 127-132. {a} Dep. Plant Pathol., Natl. Chung-Hsing Univ., Taichung City, Taiwan

Chinoy, N. J. and P. Padman (1996). Antifertility investigations on the benzene extract of Carica papaya seeds in male albino rats. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences 18(3): 489-494. Hum. Genet. Endocrinol. Unit, Dep. Special Assist., Sch. Sci., Gujarat Univ., Ahmedabad 380 009, India

Clemente, H. S. and T. E. Marler (1996). Drought stress influences gas-exchange responses of papaya leaves to rapid changes in irradiance. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121(2): 292-295. Coll. Agric. Life Sci., Univ. Guam, Mangilao 96923, Guam

Davis, M. J., J. B. Kramer, et al. (1996). Association of a bacterium and not a phytoplasma with papaya bunchy top disease. Phytopathology 86(1): 102-109. {a} Tropical Res. Educ. Cent., Inst. Food Agric. Sci., Univ. Florida, 18905 S.W. 280th St., Homestead, FL 33031, USA

Figueira, A. R. and A. S. Costa (1996). Antiviral properties and action mechanisms of detergents on the inhibition of plant viruses. Summa Phytopathologica 22(3-4): 239-243. {a} UFLA/Dep. Fitossanidade, Caixa Postal 37, 37200-000-Lavras, MG, Brazil

Gibb, K. S., D. M. Persley, et al. (1996). Phytoplasmas associated with papaya diseases in Australia. Plant Disease 80(2): 174-178. {a} Faculty Science, Northern Territory Univ., Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia

Giordani, R., M. L. Cardenas, et al. (1996). Fungicidal activity of latex sap from Carica papaya and antifungal effect of D(+)-glucosamine on Candida albicans growth. Mycoses 39(3-4): 103-110. {a} Lab. Bot. Cryptogamie Biol. Cell., Univ. Mediterranee, Fac. Pharm., 27 Bd. Jean Moulin, F-13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France

Groves, M. R., M. A. J. Taylor, et al. (1996). The prosequence of procaricain forms an alpha-helical domain that prevents access to the substrate-binding cleft. Structure London 4(10): 1193-1203. {a} Dep. Food Macromolecular Sci., Inst. Food Research, Earley Gate, Whiteknights Road, Reading RG6 6BZ, UK

Harris, E. J. and R. C. Bautista (1996). Effects of fruit fly host, fruit species, and host egg to female parasitoid ratio on the laboratory rearing of Biosteres arisanus. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 79(2): 187-194. U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., PO Box 2280, Honolulu, HI 96804, USA

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Latifah, M. N., Z. M. Ali, et al. (1996). Physiological and biochemical changes during storage and ripening of papaya. MARDI Research Journal 24(1): 67-73. {a} Pusat Penyelidikan Hortikultur, Ibu Pejabat MARDI, Peti Surat 12301, 50774 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Liu, B., D. T. White, et al. (1996). Detection of phytoplasmas in dieback, yellow crinkle, and mosaic diseases of papaya using polymerase chain reaction techniques. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47(3): 387-394. {a} Dep. Biol., Cenral Queensland Univ,. Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia

Lordello, A. I. L. and R. R. A. Lordello (1996). Identification of Meloidogyne incognita races in some plants. Summa Phytopathologica 22(1): 43-45. {a} EMBRAPA/IAC, Secale Nematol., 13.020-902 Campinas, SP, Brazil

Maes, D., J. Bouckaert, et al. (1996). Structure of chymopapain at 1.7 A resolution. Biochemistry 35(50): 16292-16298. {a} Ultrastructure Unit, Vlaams Interuniversitair Inst. Biotechnol., Vrije Univ. Brussel, Paardenstraat 65, B-1640 Sint-Genesius-Rode, Belgium

Magdalita, P. M., S. W. Adkins, et al. (1996). An improved embryo-rescue protocol for a Carica interspecific hybrid. Australian Journal of Botany 44(3): 343-353. {a} Dep. Agric., Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

Mahon, R. E., M. F. Bateson, et al. (1996). Transformation of an Australian variety of Carica papaya using microprojectile bombardment. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 23(6): 679-685. {a} Centre Molecular Biotechnol., Sch. Life Sci., Queensland Univ. Technol., Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia

Marques, S. A. C., C. D. O. Moura, et al. (1996). Pollen collected by Trigona williana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in central Amazonia. Revista de Biologia Tropical 44(2 Part A): 567-573. INPA Inst. Nacional Pesquisas Amazonia, CPBO, C.P. 478, CEP 69.083-000 Manaus-AM, Brazil

Mora, A. G., A. D. Nieto, et al. (1996). Multivariate comparison of papaya ringspot epidemics. Phytopathology 86(1): 70-78. {a} Dep. Plant Pathol., North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7616, USA

Mukherjee, K. D. and I. Kiewitt (1996). Specificity of Carica papaya latex as biocatalyst in the esterification of fatty acids with 1-butanol. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 44(7): 1948-1952. Inst. Biochem. Technol. of Lipids, H. P. Kaufmann-Inst., Federal Center for Cereal Potato and Lipid Res., Piusallee 68, D-48147 Muenster, Germany

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Odani, S., Y. Yokokawa, et al. (1996). The primary structure and characterization of carbohydrate chains of the extracellular glycoprotein proteinase inhibitor from latex of Carica papaya. European Journal of Biochemistry 241(1): 77-82. {a} Dep. Biol., Fac. Sci., Niigata University, Niigata 950-21, Japan

Pilar, C. M., A. B. De, et al. (1996). Carotenoid pigments and colour of hermaphrodite and female papaya fruits (Carica papaya L.) cv. Sunrice during post-harvest ripening. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 71(3): 351-358. {a} Dep. Plant Foods Sci. and Technol., Inst. del Frio, Consejo Superior Investigaciones Cientificas, Ciudad Univ., 28040 Madrid, Spain

Ponte, J. J. D., F. M. Seabra, et al. (1996). Papaya flowers rot caused by Cladosporium fulvum. Fitopatologia Venezolana 9(1): 16. {a} Univ. Fed. Ceara, Cent. Cienc. Agrarias, Caixa Postal 12.168, 60356-001 Fortaleza, Estado do Ceara, Brazil

Ramjee, M. K., J. R. Petithory, et al. (1996). A novel yeast expression/secretion system for the recombinant plant thiol endoprotease propapain. Protein Engineering 9(11): 1055-1061. {a} Dep. Mol. Cell Biol., Stanley Hall, Univ. California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3206, USA

Reddy, B., D. J. Bararaj, et al. (1996). Selection of efficient VA mycorrhizal fungi for papaya. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture 13(1): 1-6. Dep. Agric. Microbiol., Univ. Agric. Sci., GKVK, Bangalore 560065, India

Sondur, S. N., R. M. Manshardt, et al. (1996). A genetic linkage map of papaya based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 93(4): 547-553. {a} Dep. Plant Mol. Physiol., Coll. Tropical Agric. Human Resour., Univ. Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA

Srinivas, K. (1996). Plant water relations, yield, and water use of papaya, (Carica papaya L.) at different evaporation-replenishment rates under drip irrigation. Tropical Agriculture 73(4): 264-269. Water Management Lab., Div. Fruit Crops, Indian Inst. Hortic. Res., Hessaraghatta Lake P.O., Bangalore 560 089, India

Tsai, Y. F. (1996). Study on the localized organic medium for the production of papaya seedlings. (2). Effects on the nutrient contents of papaya seedlings. Bulletin of Taichung District Agricultural Improvement Station(51): 1-7. Taichung Dist. Agric. Improvement Stn., Tatsuen Hsiang, Changhua, Taiwan

Uchida, J. Y., C. Y. Kadooka, et al. (1996). Papaya seedling blight and damping-off caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Hawaii. Plant Disease 80(6): 712. {a} Dep. Plant Pathol., Univ. Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA

Vazquez, Y. C. and S. A. Orozco (1996). Comparative longevity of seeds of five tropical rain forest woody species stored under different moisture conditions. Canadian Journal of Botany 74(10): 1635-1639. {a} Centro de Ecol., Univ. Nacional Autonoma Mexico, Apartado 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico D.F., Mexico

Yaguchi, Y. (1996). Studies on the stem: End rot of papaya caused by Lasidodiploida theobromae and its control. Memoirs of the Tokyo University of Agriculture 37: 1, 3-61. Lab. Electron Microscopy, Inst. Utilization Sci. Tech., Tokyo Univ. Agric., Tokyo, Japan

Yang, J. S., T. A. Yu, et al. (1996). Transgenic papaya plants from Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of petioles of in vitro propagated multishoots. Plant Cell Reports 15(7): 459-464. {a} Dep. Botany, Natl. Chung-Hsing Univ., Taichung, Taiwan

Achicanoy, H. (1995). Integrated management of papaya ringspot. Fitopatologia Colombiana 19(1): 68-71. Univ. Nac. Colombia Sede Medellin, A.A., 3840 Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia

Adikaram, N. K. B. and M. Wijepala (1995). Asperisporium black spot in Carica papaya: A new disease in Sri Lanka. Journal of the National Science Council of Sri Lanka 23(4): 213-219. Dep. Bot., Univ. Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

Argaiz, A. and M. A. Lopez (1995). Kinetics of first change on flavour, cooked flavour development and pectinesterase inactivation on mango and papaya nectars and purees. Revista Espanola de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Alimentos 35(1): 92-100. Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica y de Alimentos, Universidad de las Americas-Puebla, P.O. Box 100 Sta. Catarina Martir, Cholula, Publela, Mexico

Armstrong, J. W., B. K. S. Hu, et al. (1995). Single-temperature forced hot-air quarantine treatment to control fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in papaya. Journal of Economic Entomology 88(3): 678-682. {a} Tropical Fruit Veg. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS-PWA, P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720, USA

Basso, F. C., B. Schaffer, et al. (1995). Mineral nutrient content, growth, and yield of papaya (Carica papaya L.) as influenced by trench depth and municipal solid waste compost. Tropical Agriculture 72(3): 231-235. Univ. Florida, IFAS, Tropical Res. Educ. Cent., Homestead, FL, USA

Cabrera, P. J. L., G. A. Vegas, et al. (1995). Herbicide resistant transgenic papaya plants produced by an efficient particle bombardment transformation method. Plant Cell Reports 15(1-2): 1-7. {a} Centro Investigacion y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Dep. Ingenieria Genetica Plantas, Apdo. Postal 629, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico

Cano, M. P., A. B. De, et al. (1995). Peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities in papaya during postharvest ripening and after freezing/thawing. Journal of Food Science 60(4): 815-817, 820. Plant Foods Sci. Technol. Dep., Inst. Frio, Consejo Superior Investigationes Cientificas, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain

Consoli, L., S. A. Gaziola, et al. (1995). Plant transformation mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes: Optimization of the infection process. Revista Brasileira de Genetica 18(1): 115-119. {a} Dep. Genetica, ESALQ-USP, Caixa Postal 83, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

Dando, P. M., S. L. Sharp, et al. (1995). Immunoglobulin E Antibodies to Papaya Proteinases and Their Relevance to Chemonucleolysis. Spine 20(9): 981-985. {a} Dep. Biochem., Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 4RN, UK

De, F. V., L. Vangelista, et al. (1995). Structural studies on the zinc-endopeptidase light chain of tetanus neurotoxin. European Journal of Biochemistry 229(1): 61-69. {a} Centro Ricerca Interdipartimentale Biotechnol. Innovative, Via Trieste 75, I-35121 Padova, Italy

De, M. A. (1995). Cardiology in the botany of New Spain. Archivos del Instituto de Cardiologia de Mexico 65(2): 169-175. Inst. Nac. Cardiol. "Ignacio Chavez", Juan Badiano 1, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico, D.F., Mexico

Dekeyser, P. M., D. J. Buttle, et al. (1995). Kinetic constants for the hydrolysis of aggrecan by the papaya proteinases and their relevance for chemonucleolysis. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 320(2): 375-379. {a} Lab. General Biochem. Physical Pharm., Dep. Pharmaceutics, Univ. Gent, Wolterslaan 16, 9000 Gent, Belgium

Fayyaz, A., B. A. Asbi, et al. (1995). Stability studies of papaya pectinesterase. Food Chemistry 53(4): 391-396. {a} Fac. Food Sci. and Biotechnol., Univ. Pertanian Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia

Fayyaz, A., B. A. Asbi, et al. (1995). Kinetics of papaya pectinesterase. Food Chemistry 53(2): 129-135. {a} Fac. Food Sci. Biotechnol., Univ. Pertanian Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia

Grumet, R. (1995). Genetic engineering for crop virus resistance. Hortscience 30(3): 449-456. Dep. Hortic., Mich. State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA

Jaizme, V. M. C. and R. Azcon (1995). Responses of some tropical and subtropical cultures to endomycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhiza 5(3): 213-217. {a} Dep. de Proteccion Vegetal, Cent. de Invest. y Tecnol. Agrarias, Apartado 60, La Laguna, E-38200 La Laguna-Tenerife, Spain

Jorgensen, L. B. (1995). Stomatal myrosin cells in Caricaceae: Taxonomic implications for a glucosinolate-containing family. Nordic Journal of Botany 15(5): 523-540. Botanical Inst., Univ. Copenhagen, Botanical Laboratory, Gothersgade 140, DK-1123 Copenhage K, Denmark

Khan, S. T. and T. A. Khan (1995). Reaction of papaya (Carica papaya) cultivars to the reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis). Tests of Agrochemicals and Cultivars(16): 76-77. Dep. Bot., Aligarh Muslim Univ., Aligarh, India

Kobayashi, T. and I. Tokashiki (1995). White leaf spot of papaya caused by Cercosporidium insulare sp. nov. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan 61(1): 49-52. {a} Forest Development Technol. Inst., Rokubancho 7, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102, Japan

Koudande, O. D. and M. Ehouinson (1995). Influence of feeding on the production of Archachatina sp. World Animal Review Multilingual Edition 83(2): 60-63. Dep. des Productions Animale and Halieutique, Inst. des Recherches Agricoles du Benin, B.P. 884, Contonou, Benin

Lazan, H., M. K. Selamat, et al. (1995). Beta-Galactosidase, polygalacturonase and pectinesterase in differential softening and cell wall modification during papaya fruit ripening. Physiologia Plantarum 95(1): 106-112. {a} Dep. Botany, Fac. Life Sci., Univ. Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Maoka, T., S. Kawano, et al. (1995). Occurrence of the P strain of papaya ringspot virus in Japan. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan 61(1): 34-37. {a} Okinawa Sub-Tropical Stn., Japan Int. Res. Cent. Agric. Sci., Maesato, Ishigaki, Okinawa 907, Japan

Marys, E., O. Carballo, et al. (1995). Properties of a previously undescribed supercoiled filamentous virus infecting papaya in Venezuela. Archives of Virology 140(5): 891-898. {a} Inst. Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Lab. Biotecnol. Virol. Vegetal, Centro de Microbiol. Biol. Celular, Apartado postal 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela

Mohandas, S., T. N. Shivananda, et al. (1995). Uptake of 32P labelled superphosphate by endomycorrhizal papaya (Carica papaya cv. Coorg honey dew). Journal of Nuclear Agriculture and Biology 24(4): 220-224. Indian Inst. Horticultural Res., Hessaraghatta Lake P.O., Bangalore-560089, India

Monmarson, S., F. N. Michaux, et al. (1995). Production of high-frequency embryogenic calli from integuments of immature seeds of Carica papaya, L. Journal of Horticultural Science 70(1): 57-64. {a} BIOTROP/FHLOR, CIRAD, B.P. 5035, 34032 Montpellier Cedex 01, France

Monzon, R. B. (1995). Traditional medicine in the treatment of parasitic diseases in the Philippines. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 26(3): 421-428. Dep. Parasitol., Coll. Public Health, Univ. Philippines, Manila, Philippines

O, H. B. P., A. M. Hemmings, et al. (1995). Crystal structure of glycyl endopeptidase from Carica papaya: A cysteine endopeptidase of unusual substrate specificity. Biochemistry 34(40): 13190-13195. {a} Sect. Structural Biochem., Dep. Biochem. Mol. Biol., Univ. Coll. London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK

Penaflorida, V. D. (1995). Growth and survival of juvenile tiger shrimp fed diets where fish meal is partially replaced with papaya (Carica papaya L.) or camote (Ipomea batatas Lam.) leaf meal. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture Bamidgeh 47(1): 25-33. Aquaculture Dep., Southeast Asian Fisheries Dev. Cent., PO Box 256, Iloilo, Philippines

Qiu, Y., M. S. Nishina, et al. (1995). Papaya fruit growth, calcium uptake, and fruit ripening. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120(2): 246-253. {a} Dep. Plant Molecular Physiol., Univ. Hawaii at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA

Reddy, Y. T. N. (1995). Effect of plant spacing on 'Coorg Honey Dew' papaya (Carica papaya). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 65(2): 130-132. Div. Fruit Crops, Indian Inst. Horticultural Res., Bangalore, Karnataka 560 089, India

Sangakkara, U. R. (1995). Influence of seed ripeness, sarcotesta, drying and storage on germinability of papaya (Carica papaya L.) seed. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 18(3): 193-199. Fac. Agric., Univ. Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

Satrija, F., P. Nansen, et al. (1995). Anthelmintic activity of papaya latex against patent Heligmosomoides polygyrus infections in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 48(3): 161-164. {a} Danish Centre Experimental Parasitol., Dep. Vet. Microbiol., Royal Veterinary Agricultural University, 13 Bulowsvej, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark

Schmidt, H. (1995). Effect of papain on different phases of prenatal ontogenesis in rats. Reproductive Toxicology 9(1): 49-55. Sonnenweg 44 a, D-30851 Langenhagen, Germany

Song, I., M. Taylor, et al. (1995). Inhibition of cysteine proteinases by Carica papaya cystatin produced in Escherichia coli. Gene Amsterdam 162(2): 221-224. {a} Dep. Chemistry Biochemistry, Univ. Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-5043, USA

Taya, R. S. and J. P. Singh (1995). Survey of papaya mosaic virus disease in Haryana. Agricultural Science Digest 15(4): 191-192. Dep. Plant Pathol., CCS Haryana Agric. Univ., Hisar-125 004, India

Taylor, M. A. J., K. C. Baker, et al. (1995). Recombinant pro-regions from papain and papaya proteinase IV are selective high affinity inhibitors of the mature papaya enzymes. Protein Engineering 8(1): 59-62. {a} Protein Engineering Dep., Inst. Food Research, Earley Gate, Whiteknights Road, Reading RG6 2EF, UK

Villeneuve, P., M. Pina, et al. (1995). Carica papaya latex lipase: sn-3 stereoselectivity or short-chain selectivity? Model chiral triglycerides are removing the ambiguity. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 72(6): 753-755. {a} CIDAD-CP, Lab. Lipotechnie, BP5035, F34032 Montpellier Cedex, France

Wills, R. B. H. and S. B. Widjanarko (1995). Changes in physiology, composition and sensory characteristics of Australian papaya during ripening. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35(8): 1173-1176. {a} Dep. Food Technol., Univ. Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia

Aiyelaagbe, I. O. O. (1994). Fruit crops in the cashew-coconut system of Kenya: Their use, management and agroforestry potential. Agroforestry Systems 27(1): 1-16. Farming Systems Div., National Horticultural Research Inst., P.M.B. 5432, Ibadan, Nigeria

Akpulu, I. N., J. D. Dada, et al. (1994). Antibacterial activities of aqueous extracts of some Nigerian medicinal plants. Nigerian Journal of Botany 7: 45-48. Dep. Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiol., Ahmadu Bello Univ., Zaira, Nigeria

Bravo, L. M., J. Hermosilla, et al. (1994). A biochemical comparison between latex from Carica candamarcensis and C. papaya. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 27(12): 2831-2842. {a} Dep. Bioquimica, Inst. Ciencias Biologicas, UFMG, C.P. 486, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

Campbell, C. A. (1994). Handling of Florida-grown and imported tropical fruits and vegetables. Hortscience 29(9): 975-978. EcoSci. Prod. Systems Corp., P.O. Box 3228, 4300 LB McLeod Road, Orlando, FL 32802, USA

Cano, M. P., E. Torija, et al. (1994). A simple ion-exchange chromatographic determination of non-volatile organic acids in some Spanish exotic fruits. Zeitschrift fuer Lebensmittel Untersuchung und Forschung 199(3): 214-218. {a} Dep. Freezing Vegetable Products, Institutio Frio, Spanish Council Scientific Research, Ciudad Univ., E-28040 Madrid, Spain

Chinoy, N. J., S. J. M. D, et al. (1994). Effects of crude aqueous extract of Carica papaya seeds in male albino mice. Reproductive Toxicology 8(1): 75-79. {a} Dep. Zoology, Sch. Sciences, Gujarat Univ., Ahmedabad 380 009, India

Fayyaz, A., B. A. Asbi, et al. (1994). Purification and molecular properties of papaya pectinesterase. Food Chemistry 49(4): 373-378. {a} Faculty Food Science and Biotechnology, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia

Harris, E. J. and R. C. Bautista (1994). Fruit trap: A detection and collection tool for opiine parasitoids (Hym.: Braconidae) of the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Dipt.: Tephritidae). Entomophaga 39(3-4): 341-349. Tropical Fruit and Veg. Res. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric., P.O. Box 2280, Honolulu, HI 96804, USA

Husain, S. and A. Verma (1994). Occurrence of papaya ring spot virus from Amritsar (Punjab) India. Journal of Phytological Research 7(1): 77-78. {a} Dep. Microbiol., Guru Nanak Dev Univ., Amritsar-143005, India

Jaziri, M., T. Kleinschmidt, et al. (1994). Primary structure of CC-III, the glycosylated cysteine proteinase from the latex of Carica candamarcensis Hook. Biological Chemistry Hoppe Seyler 375(6): 379-385. {a} Am Schlosspark 12, D-82131 Gauting, Germany

Khatoon, K. and R. Sultana (1994). Plant regeneration from Carica papaya cv. Malir grown in tissue culture. Pakistan Journal of Botany 26(1): 191-195. Dep. Bot., Univ. Karachi, Karachi 32, Pakistan

Koh, T. H. and L. D. Melton (1994). Analysis of papaya cell wall polysaccharides. ASEAN Food Journal 9(3): 101-106. {a} Dep. Consumer Sci., Univ. Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand

Lima, J. A. A., A. R. T. Lima, et al. (1994). Purification and serological characterization of an isolate of papaya (Solo) lethal yellowing virus obtained in the State of Ceara. Fitopatologia Brasileira 19(3): 437-441. Lab. Virol. Vegetal, Univ. Fed. do Ceara, Cx.P. 12.168, Fortaleza CE-60.356, Brazil

Lohiya, N. K., R. B. Goyal, et al. (1994). Antifertility effects of aqueous extract of Carica papaya seeds in male rats. Planta Medica 60(5): 400-404. {a} Reproductive Physiol. Sect., Dep. Zool., Univ. Rajasthan, Jaipur 302 004, India

Mohamed, S., Z. Hassan, et al. (1994). Antimicrobial activity of some tropical fruit wastes (guava, starfruit, banana, papaya, passionfruit, langsat, duku, rambutan and rambai). Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 17(3): 219-227. Faculty of Food Sci. and Biotechnol., Univ. Pertanian Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Mondal, M., S. Gupta, et al. (1994). Callus culture and plantlet production in Carica papaya (Var. Honey Dew). Plant Cell Reports 13(7): 390-393. {a} Dep. Bot., Bose Inst., 93/1, APC Rd., Calcutta 700 009, India

Nwanekezi, E. C., O. C. G. Alawuba, et al. (1994). Characterization of pectic substances from selected tropical fruits. Journal of Food Science and Technology 31(2): 159-161. {a} Sch. Food Sci. Technol., Abia State Univ., Uturu, Abia State, Niger

Osato, J. A., C. B. G. De, et al. (1994). Antimicrobial potential of bio-catalyzer alpha.rho No. 11 (bio-normalizer) against enteric microorganisms. Acta Manilana 44: 9-14. {a} United Graduate Sch. Agric. Sci., Gifu Univ., 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 500, Japan

Paul, C., J. Vincentelli, et al. (1994). Preparation and and characterization of a S-monomethoxypoly-(ethylene glycol) thioderivative of papain. Phytochemistry Oxford 35(6): 1413-1417. {a} Protein Chem. Unit, Fac. Med., Univ. Brussels Campus de la Plaine-C.P. 206/4, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium

Satrija, F., P. Nansen, et al. (1994). Effect of papaya latex against Ascaris suum in naturally infected pigs. Journal of Helminthology 68(4): 343-346. {a} Danish Centre Experimental Parasitology, Dep. Vet. Microbiol., Royal Vet. Agric. Univ., 13 Buelowsvej, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark

Sharan, R., P. R. Prasad, et al. (1994). Influence of nitrogen, phosphate, growth regulators and animal sex hormone on sex expression in papaya. Advances in Plant Sciences 7(2): 273-279. {a} I. A. R. I., Regional Station, Pusa, Bihar, India

Tennant, P. F., C. Gonsalves, et al. (1994). Differential protection against papaya ringspot virus isolates in coat protein gene transgenic papaya and classically cross-protected papaya. Phytopathology 84(11): 1359-1366. {a} Dep. Plant Pathol., Cornell Univ., Geneva, NY 14456, USA

Teo, C. K. H. and L. K. Chan (1994). The effects of agar content, nutrient concentration, genotype and light intensity on the in vitro rooting of papaya microcuttings. Journal of Horticultural Science 69(2): 267-273. Sch. Biol. Sci., Univ. Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia

Thomas, M. P., C. M. Topham, et al. (1994). Structure of chymopapain M the late-eluted chymopapain deduced by comparative modelling techniques and active-centre characteristics determined by pH-dependent kinetics of catalysis and reactions with time-dependent inhibitors: The Cys-25/His-159 ion-pair is insufficient for catalytic competence in both chymopapain M and papain. Biochemical Journal 300(3): 805-820. {a} Lab. Structural and Mechanistic Enzymol., Dep. Biochemsitry, Queen Mary and Westfield Coll., Univ. London, Malet St., London WC1E 7HX, UK

Valueva, T. A., e. L. I. Grigor, et al. (1994). Interaction of a soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) with cysteine proteinases. Bioorganicheskaya Khimiya 20(2): 162-168. {a} A.N. Bakh Inst. Biochem., Acad. Sci. Russ., Moscow, Russia

Xiao, H. and H. Faan (1994). Studies on the detection of papaya ringspot virus in infected tissue of plant by ELISA. Virologica Sinica 9(3): 249-255. Dep. Plant Protection, South China Agric. Univ., Guangzhou 510642, China

Zeng, Y., B. R. Ji, et al. (1994). Laticifer ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies of papain in Carica papaya. Acta Botanica Sinica 36(7): 497-501. Kunming Inst. Botany, Academia Sinica, Kunming 650204, China

Adeyemi, I. A. and E. O. Soluade (1993). Development and quality evaluation of pawpaw-ogi. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition Dordrecht 44(3): 213-220. {a} Dep. Food Sci. and Eng., Oyo State Univ. Technol., Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Andreoli, C. and A. A. Khan (1993). Improving papaya seedling emergence by matriconditioning and gibberellin treatment. Hortscience 28(7): 708-709. {a} Servico Producao Sementes Basicas/EMBRAPA, SAIN W3 Norte-Pqe Rural, Brasilia, DF 70.770, Brazil

Bannister, A., A. J. Maule, et al. (1993). Cauliflower mosaic virus particles alter the sensitivity of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings to 2,4-D. Journal of Plant Physiology 141(4): 502-504. Dep. Virus Res., John Innes Inst., John Innes Cent., Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK

Buisson, D. and D. W. Lee (1993). The developmental responses of papaya leaves to simulated canopy shade. American Journal of Botany 80(8): 947-952. {a} Dep. Biol. Sci., Fla. International Univ., Miami, FL 33199, USA

Camara, M. M., C. Diez, et al. (1993). Changes during ripening of papaya fruit in different storage systems. Food Chemistry 46(1): 81-84. {a} Dep. Bromatol. Tecnicas Analiticas Farmaceutics, Fac. Farmacia, Univ. Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040 Madrid, Spain

Capacio, B. R., C. E. Byers, et al. (1993). An HPLC method for the determination of granisetron in guinea pig plasma. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 17(3): 151-155. Pharmacol. Div., U.S. Army Med. Res. Inst. Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA

Chan, L. K. and C. K. H. Teo (1993). In vitro production of multiple shoots in papaya as affected by plant tissue maturity and genotype. MARDI Research Journal 21(2): 105-111. Sch. Biol. Sci., Univ. Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia

Chan, Y. K. and C. Mak (1993). Resistance of six papaya varieties and their hybrids to malformed top disease. MARDI Research Journal 21(1): 7-13. {a} Fruit Res. Div., Headquarters Station, MARDI Sendang, P.O. Box 12301, 50774 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Chan, Y. K. and C. Mak (1993). Production of F-1 hybrid seeds from a 6x6 diallel of papaya (Carica papaya L.). MARDI Research Journal 21(1): 1-6. {a} Fruit Res. Div., Headquarters Station, MARDI, Serdang, P.O. Box 12301, 50774 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Chen, C. S., F. C. Xu, et al. (1993). Studies on the chitinase system in leaves from 41 plant species (var.) related to 21 families. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment 2(4): 28-33. Dep. Agric. Biol., South China Agric. Univ., Guangzhou, 510642, China

Craig, R. J. (1993). Regeneration of native Mariana Island forest in disturbed habitats. Micronesica 26(2): 99-108. 19 Chaplin St., Chaplin, CT 06235, USA

De, L. S. V. M. and G. L. F. Jimenez (1993). Papaya ringspot virus induces cytoplasmic inclusions in pericarp cells underlying the lesion of the fruit in Carica papaya L. Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiologia 35(1): 99-107. {a} Apdo. Postal 88018, Alvaro Obregon, 01402 Mexico, D.F., Mexico

Dinesh, M. R. and C. P. A. Iyer (1993). Coheritability studies in Carica papaya cv. Waimanalo. Gartenbauwissenschaft 58(4): 180-181. Div. Fruit Crops, Indian Inst. Hortic. Res., Hesseraghatta, Bangalore-560089, India

Drew, R. A., J. A. Considine, et al. (1993). Effect of fructose on growth of papaw shoot explants in vitro. Australian Journal of Botany 41(6): 739-748. {a} Redlands Res. Station, P.O. Box 327, Cleveland, QLD 4163, Australia

Drew, R. A., J. A. McComb, et al. (1993). Rhizogenesis and root growth of Carica papaya L. in vitro in relation to auxin sensitive phases and use of riboflavin. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 33(1): 1-7. {a} Redlands Res. Station, P.O. Box 327, Cleveland, Queensland 4163, Australia

Fayyaz, A., B. A. Asbi, et al. (1993). Pectinesterase extraction from papaya. Food Chemistry 47(2): 183-185. Fac Food Sci. and Biotechnol., Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia

Fitch, M. M. M. (1993). High frequency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from papaya hypocotyl callus. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 32(2): 205-212. USDA, ARS, Experiment Station HSPA, PO Box 1057, Aiea, HI 96701

Fitch, M. M. M., R. M. Manshardt, et al. (1993). Transgenic papaya plants from Agrobacterium mediated transformation of somatic embryos. Plant Cell Reports 12(5): 245-249. {a} U.S. Dep. Agric., ARS, P.O. Box 1057, Aiea, HI 96701, USA

Foltran, D. E., P. D. S. Goncalves, et al. (1993). Estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters in papaya. Bragantia 52(1): 7-15. {a} Secao Fruticultura Tropical Div. Hortic., Inst. Agronomico, Caixa Postal 28, 13001-970, Campinas, Brazil

Gettemans, J., V. Y. De, et al. (1993). Purification and partial amino acid sequence of the actin-fragmin kinase from Physarum polycephalum. European Journal of Biochemistry 214(1): 111-119. {a} Dep. Biochem., K. U. Leuven, Herestaat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium

Giordani, R. and L. Lafon (1993). Action of Carica papaya latex on cell wall glycosidases from Lactuca sativa pith. Phytochemistry Oxford 34(6): 1473-1475. {a} Cent. Biochimie et de Biologie Molecularie, CNRS, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France

Gong, J. M., X. Q. Zheng, et al. (1993). Cloning and sequencing of coat protein gene of papaya ringspot virus and sequence comparison of strains of PRV-P and PRV-YS. Acta Botanica Sinica 35(6): 416-421. {a} Natl. Lab. Tropical Crops Biotechnol., South China Sci. Acad. Tropical Crops, South China Coll. Tropical Crops, Danxian, Hainan Island 571737, China

Habili, N. (1993). Detection of Australian field isolates of citrus tristeza virus by double-stranded RNA analysis. Journal of Phytopathology Berlin 138(4): 308-316. CSIRO Div. Horticulture, GPO Box 350, Adelaide, South Australia 5001

Harding, R. M. and D. S. Teakle (1993). Failure of five viruses to cause typical Australian papaw dieback disease. Australasian Plant Pathology 22(2): 62-67. Cent. Molecular Biotechnol., Queensland Univ. Technol., Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia

Hinks, C. F. and O. Olfert (1993). Growth and survival to the second instar of neonate grasshopper nymphs, Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.) fed cultivars ancestral to hard red spring wheat. Journal of Agricultural Entomology 10(3): 171-180. Agric. Can. Res. Stn., 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Can. S7N 0X2

Hossain, M., S. M. Rahman, et al. (1993). High efficiency plant regeneration from petiole explants of Carica papaya L. through organogenesis. Plant Cell Reports 13(2): 99-102. {a} Dep. Botany, Rajshahi Univ., Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Hung, C. H., M. C. Lee, et al. (1993). Cloning and expression of the gene encoding Acacia confusa trypsin inhibitor that is active without post-translational proteolysis. Gene Amsterdam 127(2): 215-219. {a} Inst. Biochemistry, Coll. Med., National Taiwan Univ., No. 1 Section 1, Jen-Ai Rd, Taipei 10018, Taiwan

Iizuka, E., R. Kawano, et al. (1993). Studies on the physical properties of Indian non-mulberry silks: I. Antheraea proylei J. Indian Journal of Sericulture 32(1): 27-36. Dep. Functional Polymer Science, Faculty Textile Science Technology Shinshu Univ., Ueda, Nagano 386, Japan

Islam, R., S. M. Rahman, et al. (1993). In vitro clonal propagation of papaya (Carica papaya L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany 25(2): 189-192. Dep. Botany, Univ. Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh

Kasonia, K., M. Ansay, et al. (1993). Plants used in ethnomedicine for asthma in Kivu (Zaire). Belgian Journal of Botany 126(1): 20-28. {a} Universite Lubumbashi, l'Universite Liege, Fac. Medecine Veterinaire, Pharmacologie Toxicologie, B-41 Bld. de Colonster, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liege, Belgique

Khandar, R. R., J. H. Andharia, et al. (1993). New Fruit rot disease of papaya (Carica papaya L.). Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 23(2): 221. Dep. Plant Pathol., Coll. Agric., G.A.U., Junagadh, India

Kitajima, E. W., C. H. Rodrigues, et al. (1993). Association of isometric viruslike particles, restricted to laticifers, with "meleira" (sticky disease") of papaya (Carica papaya). Fitopatologia Brasileira 18(1): 118-122. {a} Dep. Biol. Cel., Univ. Brasilia, 70919 Brasilia, DF, Brazil

Knudsen, J. T. and L. Tollsten (1993). Trends in floral scent chemistry in pollination syndromes: Floral scent composition in moth-pollinated taxa. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 113(3): 263-284. {a} Natl. Environ. Res. Inst., Kalo, Grenavej 12, DK-8410 Ronde, Denmark

Liquido, N. J. (1993). Reduction of oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations in papaya orchards by field sanitation. Journal of Agricultural Entomology 10(3): 163-170. Tropical Fruit Vegetable Res. Lab., USDA-ARS Biocontrol Biol. Ecol., Field Operations Res. Unit, P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA

Machuka, J. S., K. Waithaka, et al. (1993). Embryo culture and gel electrophoretic identification of nucellar and zygotic seedlings of Citrus limon (L.) and Citrus sinensis (L.). Discovery and Innovation 5(1): 75-80. {a} Dep. Botany, Univ. Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya

Marler, T. E., M. V. Mickelbart, et al. (1993). Papaya ringspot virus influences net gas exchange of papaya leaves. Hortscience 28(4): 322-324. Coll. Agric. Life Sci., Univ. Guam, Univ. Guam Station, Mangilao, Guam 96923

Masri, M. (1993). Rooting pattern and distribution of absorbing roots of papaya (Carica papaya L.) var. Eksotika. MARDI Research Journal 21(2): 99-104. Fruit Res. Div., Fruit Res. Cent., MARDI Bukit Tangga, 06040 Bukit Kayu Hitam, Malaysia

Mondal, M., S. Gupta, et al. (1993). Effects of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and sucrose on chlorophyll content in leaves of in vitro cloned papaya, Carica papaya var. honey dew. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 31(4): 338-341. {a} Dep. Botany, Bose Inst., 93/1, A.P.C. Rd., Calcutta 700 009, India

Mora, A. G., A. D. Nieto, et al. (1993). Development of a prediction model for papaya ringspot in Veracruz, Mexico. Plant Disease 77(12): 1205-1211. {a} Centro Fitopatologia, Colegio Postgraduados, 56230 Montecillo, Mexico

Mosihuzzaman, M., G. K. Paul, et al. (1993). Analysis of carbohydrates in green coconut water. Dhaka University Studies Part B Science 41(2): 113-118. Dep. Chemistry, Dhaka Univ., Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Mukai, C., I. J. Kim, et al. (1993). Highly stereocontrolled asymmetric syntheses of taxol and taxotere C-13 side chain analogues. Tetrahedron 49(37): 8323-8336. {a} Faculty Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa Univ., Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920, Japan

Nossag, J. and W. Kasprik (1993). The movement of Micrasterias thomasiana (Desmidiaceae, Zygnematophyceae) in directed blue light. Phycologia 32(5): 332-337. Inst. Allgemeine Botanik Botanischer Garten, Ohnhorststrasse 18, D-2000 Hamburg 52, Germany

Oluma, H. O. A. and A. O. Oladiran (1993). Pythium aphanidermatum root rot of pawpaw (Carica papaya L.) in Nigeria. Mycopathologia 123(2): 111-115. {a} Dep. Biol. Sci., Univ. Agric., P.O. Box 2373, Makurdi, Bunue State, Nigeria

Osato, J. A., L. A. Santiago, et al. (1993). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of unripe papaya. Life Sciences 53(17): 1383-1389. {a} Dep. Neurosci., Inst. Mol. Cell. Med., Okayama Univ. Med. Sch., 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700, Japan

Paredes, S., D. C. I. Nunez, et al. (1993). Redox activities in plasma membrane vesicles isolated from papaya (Carica papaya) leaves. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 12(3): 129-132. Lab. Bioquim., Fac. Cienc., Univ. Malaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain

Philip, T., Govindaiah, et al. (1993). Effect of certain leaf extracts on hatching and mortality of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, infesting mulberry. Indian Journal of Sericulture 32(1): 37-41. Central Sericultural Res., Training Inst., Mysore 570 008, India

Polak, J., J. Chod, et al. (1993). Purification of hop mosaic virus and preparation of antiserum suitable for ELISA. Ochrana Rostlin 29(3): 161-167. {a} Res. Inst. Crop Production, Div. Phytomed., 161 06 Praha 6-Ruzyne, Czechoslovakia

Quintana, M. E. G. and R. E. Paull (1993). Mechanical injury during postharvest handling of 'Solo' papaya fruit. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118(5): 618-622. {a} Dep. Hortic., Univ. Hawaii Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA

Rao, P. S. N. (1993). On branching in Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 90(1): 123. Bot. Surv. India, Andaman and Nicobar Circle, Haddo, Port Blair 744 102, India

Revell, D. F., N. J. Cummings, et al. (1993). Nucleotide sequences and expression in Escherichia coli of cDNA encoding papaya proteinase omega from Carica papaya. Gene Amsterdam 127(2): 221-225. {a} AFRC Inst. Food Res., Whiteknights Road, Reading RG6 2EF, UK

Sargeant, J. G., H. M. Bowie, et al. (1993). Determination of papain in raw meat by immunoassay. Meat Science 34(1): 39-47. {a} Beeches Biotech, 5 Mountfields Road, Taunton, Somerset TA1 3BL, UK

Solis, M. S., D. A. Rojo, et al. (1993). Cooperativity in the unfolding transitions of cysteine proteinases. Calorimetric study of the heat denaturation of chymopapain and papain. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1203(1): 121-125. {a} Dep. Quimicia, Univ. Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalpa, Apartdo Postal 55-534, Iztapalapa, D.F. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico

Srivastava, R. C. and A. K. Tripathi (1993). Taxonomic studies on six dicot families of Madhya Pradesh. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 17(3): 513-518. {a} Botanical Survey India, Sikkim Himalayan Circle, Gangtok-737 101, India

Stiles, J. I., C. Lemme, et al. (1993). Using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA for evaluating genetic relationships among papaya cultivars. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 85(6-7): 697-701. {a} Dep. Plant Mol. Physiol., Coll. Tropical Agric. and Human Resources, Univ. Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA

Sumner, I. G., G. W. Harris, et al. (1993). Factors effecting the thermostability of cysteine proteinases from Carica papaya. European Journal of Biochemistry 214(1): 129-134. {a} Dep. Protein Eng., AFRC Inst. Food Res., Reading Lab., Whiteknights Rd., Reading, Berkshire RG6 2EF, England

Suzuki, Y. and K. Uchida (1993). Formation of beta-fructosyl compounds of pyridoxine in growing culture of Aspergillus niger. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry 57(6): 875-880. {a} Res. Inst. Bioresources, Okayama Univ., Kurashiki, Okayama 710, Japan

Walreavens, V., M. Jaziri, et al. (1993). Isolation and preliminary characterization of the cysteine-proteinases from the latex of Carica candamarcensis Hook. Biological Chemistry Hoppe Seyler 374(7): 501-506. {a} CP 206/4, Serv. de Chim. Generale I, Fac. de Med., Univ. Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine, Blvd. du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium

Ye, K. N., J. C. Huang, et al. (1993). Study on production of artificial seeds of hybrid papaya. Acta Botanica Sinica 35(Suppl.): 83-87. Biotechnol. Res. Cent., Zhongshan Univ., Guangzhou 510275, China

Aiyelaagbe, I. O. O. and M. A. Jolaoso (1992). Growth and yield response of papaya to intercropping with vegetable crops in southwestern Nigeria. Agroforestry Systems 19(1): 1-14.

Banik, S. and S. Chanda (1992). Airborne pollen survey of Central Calcutta, India, in relation to allergy. Grana 31(1): 72-75.

Bowen, J. E. (1992). Comparative DRIS and critical concentration interpretation of papaya tissue analysis data. Tropical Agriculture 69(1): 63-67.

Chen, M. H. and C. C. Chen (1992). Plant regeneration from Carica protoplasts. Plant Cell Reports 11(8): 404-407.

Coelho, L. M., R. G. Pio, et al. (1992). Characterization of an isolate of cowpea severe mosaic virus found in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Fitopatologia Brasileira 17(3): 331-335. {a} Empresa Goiana Pesq. Agropec.-EMGOPA, C. Postal 49, 74130 Goiania, GO, Brazil

Drew, R. A. (1992). Improved techniques for in vitro propagation and germplasm storage of papaya. Hortscience 27(10): 1122-1124. Redlands Res. Station, P.O. Box 327, Cleveland, Queensl. 4163, Australia

Dulic, M. V. M. R. (1992). Experimental transmission of plum pox (Sharka) virus (PPV) by apricot and peach seed. Zastita Bilja 43(4): 263-265. Institut za Istrazivanja u Poljoprivredi Srbija, Beograd, Centar Za Vocarstvo i Vinogradarstvo, Cacak

Franck, A. and J. M. Bar (1992). Use of netting and whitewash spray to protect papaya plants against Nivun Haamirimide dieback disease. Crop Protection 11(6): 525-528. {a} Dep. Virol., The S. Tolkowsky Lab., ARO, Volcani Cent., Bet Dagan 50250, Israel

Giordani, R. (1992). Degradation of cell wall in vitro by latices from articulated laticifers of Hevea brasiliensis, Lactuca sativa and Carica papaya. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Serie III Sciences de la Vie 315(10): 355-360. Centre Biochemie Biologie Moleculaire, C.N.R.S., 31, Chemin Joseph-Alguier, B.P. n 71, 13402 Marseille Cedex 09, France

Ichimaru, E., K. Imura, et al. (1992). Cystatin activity in gingival crevicular fluid from periodontal disease patients measured by a new quantitative analysis method. Journal Of Periodontal Research 27(2): 119-125.

Kitajima, E. W., F. C. Oliveira, et al. (1992). Solo papaya lethal yellowing virus in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Fitopatologia Brasileira 17(3): 282-285. {a} Dep. Biol. Cel., UnB, 70919 Brasilia, DF, Brazil

Kitajima, E. W., J. A. M. Rezende, et al. (1992). Confirmation of the identity of an isometric virus found in papaya in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, as the papaya lethal yellowing virus. Fitopatologia Brasileira 17(3): 336-338. {a} Dep. Biol. Cel., Univ. Brasilia, 70919 Brasilia, DF, Brazil

Kumar, S., S. Singh, et al. (1992). Growth regulator studies in tissue culture of three species of papaya. Biologisches Zentralblatt 111(1): 21-26.

Kuniyuki, H., F. P. Martins, et al. (1992). No evidence for seed transmission of four grapevine viruses. Fitopatologia Brasileira 17(3): 278-281. {a} Secao Virol. Fitotecnica, Inst. Agron., C.P. 28, 13001 Campinas, SP, Brasil

Liquido, N. J. (1992). Effect of fruit screening method on estimating number of oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in host fruit. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 31: 171-176. Tropical Fruit Vegetable Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Bicontrol Field Operation Res. Unit, PO Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720, USA

Lohiya, N. K. and R. B. Goyal (1992). Antifertility investigations on the crude chloroform extract of Carica papaya Linn. seeds in male albino rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 30(11): 1051-1055. Reproductive Physiol. Sect., Dep. Zool., Univ. Rajasthan, Jaipur 302 004, India

McSorley, R. (1992). Nematological problems in tropical and subtropical fruit tree crops. Nematropica 22(1): 103-116.

Mohandas, S. (1992). Effect of VAM inoculation on plant growth, nutrient level and root phosphatase activity in papaya (Carica papaya cv. Coorg Honey Dew). Fertilizer Research 31(3): 263-267.

Mora, A. G., D. Teliz, et al. (1992). Temporal and spatial development of papaya ringspot in Veracruz, Mexico. Journal Of Phytopathology 136(1): 27-36.

Nishijima, K. A., C. K. Miura, et al. (1992). Effect of forced, hot-air treatment of papaya fruit quality and incidence of postharvest diseases. Plant Disease 76(7): 723-727.

Pickersgill, R. W., G. W. Harris, et al. (1992). Structure of monoclinic papain at 1.60 A resolution. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 48(1): 59-67.

Raie, M. Y., K. Sohail, et al. (1992). Lipid studies of Carica papaya. Pakistan Journal Of Scientific And Industrial Research 35(1-2): 43-45.

Rawlings, N. D., L. H. Pearl, et al. (1992). The baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome includes a papain-like sequence. Biological Chemistry Hoppe Seyler 373(12): 1211-1215. {a} Biochem. Dep., Strangeway Res. Lab., Cambridge CB1 4RN, UK

Rodriguez, P. C., S. V. Galan, et al. (1992). Evaluation of productivity and main fruit characteristics in five cultivars of papaya (Carica papaya L.) in Canary Islands. Investigacion Agraria Produccion y Proteccion Vegetales 7(1): 49-59. Dep. de Fruticultura Tropical, Centro de Investigacion, Tecnol. Agrarias Apartado 60, 38280 La Laguna, Teneriffe

Santiago, L. A., J. A. Osato, et al. (1992). Free radical scavenging action of Carica papaya Linn. Neurosciences 18(4): 189-194. {a} Dep. Neuroscience, Inst. Molecular Cellular Med., Okayama Univ. Med. Sch., 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700, Japan

Sanxter, S. S., H. Y. Yamamoto, et al. (1992). Development and decline of chloroplasts in exocarp of Carica papaya. Canadian Journal Of Botany 70(2): 364-373.

Sharon, D., J. Hillel, et al. (1992). Application of DNA fingerprints for identification and genetic analysis of Carica papaya and other Carica species. Euphytica 62(2): 119-126. {a} Dep. Fruit Trees Genetics and Breeding, ARO, P.O. Box 6, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel

Tennekoon, K. H., S. Jeevathayaparan, et al. (1992). Evaluation of possible galactagogue activity of a selected group of Sri Lankan medicinal plants. Journal of the National Science Council of Sri Lanka 20(1): 33-41. {a} Dep. Physiol., Fac. Med., Univ. Colombo, Colombo

Tseng, M. T. (1992). Effects of sarcotesta removal, gibberellic acid and drying treatments on the germination of papaya seeds. Journal of the Agricultural Association of China New Series(158): 46-54. Dep. Agron., Natl. Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan

Valand, G. B. and V. Muniyappa (1992). Epidemiology of tobacco leaf curl virus in India. Annals Of Applied Biology 120(2): 257-267.

Yahia, E. M., M. Rivera, et al. (1992). Responses of papaya to short-term insecticidal oxygen atmosphere. Journal Of The American Society For Horticultural Science 117(1): 96-99.

Yan, Y. T., J. F. Wang, et al. (1992). Expression of rice stripe virus coat protein gene in transgenic rice plants. Acta Botanica Sinica 34(12): 899-906. Inst. Microbiol., Acad. Sinica, Beijing 100080, China

Yang, J. S. and C. A. Ye (1992). Plant regeneration from petioles of in vitro regenerated papaya (Carica papaya L.) shoots. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica Taipei 33(4): 375-381. Dep. Botany, National Chung-Hsing Univ., Taichung, Taiwan, China

Alamgir, A. N. M. and M. A. Rahman (1991). Effect of gamma radiation on seed germination, growth and sex expression of Carica papaya L. Chittagong University Studies Part Ii Science 15(1): 112-132.

Chow, Y. J. and C. H. Lin (1991). P-Hydroxybenzoic acid as the major phenolic germination inhibitor of papaya seed. Seed Science And Technology 19(1): 167-174.

Dathe, W., H. Oliva, et al. (1991). Endogenous gibberellins of young developing and abscising fruits of Carica papaya L. Agricultural And Biological Chemistry 55(10): 2491-2496.

Dinesh, M. R., C. P. A. Iyer, et al. (1991). Combining ability studies in Carica papaya L. with respect to yield and quality characters. Gartenbauwissenschaft 56(2): 81-83.

Drew, R. A., B. W. Simpson, et al. (1991). Degradation of exogenous indole-3-butyric acid and riboflavin and their influence on rooting response of papaya in vitro. Plant Cell Tissue And Organ Culture 26(1): 29-34.

Giordani, R., M. Siepaio, et al. (1991). Antifungal action of Carica papaya latex: Isolation of fungal cell wall hydrolysing enzymes. Mycoses 34(11-12): 469-477.

Helyuta, V. P. and V. P. Isikov (1991). Powdery mildew fungi of the Nikitsky State Botanical Garden. Ukrayins'Kyi Botanichnyi Zhurnal 48(4): 68-71.

Hubbard, N. L., D. M. Pharr, et al. (1991). Sucrose phosphate synthase and other sucrose metabolizing enzymes in fruits of various species. Physiologia Plantarum 82(2): 191-196.

Kok, S. N. and S. Ishak (1991). Carotenoid and anthocyanin contents of papaya and pineapple: Influence of blanching and predrying treatments. Food Chemistry 39(2): 175-186.

Kumar, D., S. K. Mishra, et al. (1991). Mechanism of anthelmintic action of benzylisothiocyanate. Fitoterapia 62(5): 403-410.

Le, M. L., J. H. Hankin, et al. (1991). Vegetable and fruit consumption in relation to prostate cancer risk in Hawaii (USA): A reevaluation of the effect of dietary beta-carotene. American Journal Of Epidemiology 133(3): 215-219.

Liquido, N. J. (1991). Indices of density and percentage infestation of oriental fruit fly and melon fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Waimanalo papaya. Journal of Plant Protection in the Tropics 8(3): 145-152. Tropical Fruit Veg. Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Biol. Control Res. Unit, P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, Hawai 96720

Liquido, N. J. (1991). Infestation rates of oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Sunrise papaya by visual and colorimetric ripeness indices. Journal Of Economic Entomology 84(3): 948-953.

Liquido, N. J. (1991). Fruit on the ground as a reservoir of resident melon fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations in papaya orchards. Environmental Entomology 20(2): 620-625.

Mosolov, V. V., A. V. Zymatcheva, et al. (1991). Cysteine proteinase inhibitor from papaya (Carica papaya L.) seeds. Biochemie Und Physiologie Der Pflanzen 187(3): 237-242.

Mulkidzhanyan, K. G., M. T. Sulakvelidze, et al. (1991). Effect of alkaloid carpaine on the cardiovascular system. Soobshcheniya Akademii Nauk Gruzii 144(2-3): 441-444. I.G. Kutateladze Inst. Pharmacochem., Acad. Sci. Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia

Oke, O. A. and K. M. Banjoko (1991). The effects of Penicillium digitatum and Fusarium oxysporum rots on nutritional content of pawpaw (Carica papaya L.). Mycopathologia 116(3): 199-202.

Qiu, D. B., F. Lu, et al. (1991). Embryo sacs of Hevea brasiliensis and Carica papaya isolated using the enzyme-squash technique. Acta Botanica Sinica 33(5): 350-355.

Reyes, G., R. Martinez, et al. (1991). Effect of the addition of tropical fruit residues on the rate of fish microbial silage production. Alimentaria 28(219): 99-108.

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