Source: AGRICOLA database (1970-1996)

Huang, X., W. j. Xie, et al. (2000). Characteristics and antifungal activity of a chitin binding protein from Ginkgo biloba. FEBS Letters. [print] 478(1-2): 123-126. {a} Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China

Ndjoko, K., J. L. Wolfender, et al. (2000). Determination of trace amounts of ginkgolic acids in Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extracts and phytopharmaceuticals by liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B. [print] 744(2): 249-255. {a} Institut de Pharmacognosie et Phytochimie, BEP, Universite de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland

Pietta, P., P. Simonetti, et al. (2000). Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of Ginkgo biloba flavonol and Camellia sinensis catechin metabolites. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. [print] 23(1): 223-226. {a} ITBA-CNR, V. le F. lli Cervi, 93, 20090, Segrate, Mi, Italy

Porsolt, R. D., S. Roux, et al. (2000). Evaluation of a ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) in functional tests for monoamine oxidase inhibition. Arzneimittel Forschung. March 50(3): 232-235. {a} Porsolt and Partners Pharmacology, 9 bis, rue Henri Martin, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France

Reilly, W. and V. Reeve (2000). Body contouring using an oral herbal antioxidant formulation: Centelaplus: A dose controlled observational study. Redox Report. [print] 5(2-3): 144-145. {a} Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia

Sasaki, K., S. Hatta, et al. (2000). Bilobalide prevents reduction of gamma-aminobutyric acid levels and glutamic acid decarboxylase activity induced by 4-O-methylpyridoxine in mouse hippocampus. Life Sciences. [print] June 67(6): 709-715. {a} Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan

Tsen, L. C., S. Segal, et al. (2000). Alternative medicine use in presurgical patients. Anesthesiology Hagerstown. [print] July 93(1): 148-151. {a} Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

Umegaki, K., M. Yoshimura, et al. (2000). Influence of Ginkgo biloba extract feeding on blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose, and various hepatic parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi. [print] June 41(3): 171-177. {a} National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan

Wang, J. H. and G. Y. Sun (2000). Platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists on cytokine induction of iNOS and sPLA2 in immortalized astrocytes (DITNC). Neurochemical Research. [print] May 25(5): 613-619. {a} Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, M121, Medical Science Building, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA

Westman, J., K. Drieu, et al. (2000). Antioxidant compounds EGB-761 and BN-520 21 attenuate heat shock protein (HSP 72 kD) response, edema and cell changes following hyperthermic brain injury: An experimental study using immunohistochemistry in the rat. Amino Acids Vienna. [print] 19(1): 339-350. {a} Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden

Wirth, S., J. Stemmelin, et al. (2000). Facilitative effects of EGb 761 on olfactory recognition in young and aged rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. Feb. 65(2): 321-326. {a} Laboratoire de Neurosciences Comportementales et Cognitives, UMR 7521, CNRS/Universite Louis Pasteur, 12 Rue Goethe, 67000, Strasbourg, France

Zhou, L. J. and X. Z. Zhu (2000). Reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells and protective effect of bilobalide. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. [print] June 293(3): 982-988. {a} Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 294 Tai-Yuan Rd., Shanghai, 200031, China

Brochet, D., R. Chermat, et al. (1999). Effects of single intraperitoneal injections of an extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) and its terpene trilactone constituents on barbital-induced narcosis in the mouse. General Pharmacology. Sept. 33(3): 249-256. {a} Institute for BioScience, 153 West Main Street, Westboro, MA, 01581, USA

Dutta, R. A. K., M. J. Gordon, et al. (1999). Inhibitory effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on human platelet aggregation. Platelets Abingdon 10(5): 298-305. {a} Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, UK

Fitzl, G., R. Martin, et al. (1999). Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 on myocardium of experimentally diabetic rats: I: Ultrastructural and biochemical investigation on cardiomyocytes. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology. May 51(3): 189-198. {a} Institut fuer Anatomie der Universitaet Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany

Hibatallah, J., C. Carduner, et al. (1999). In-vivo and in-vitro assessment of the free-radical-scavenger activity of Ginkgo flavone glycosides at high concentration. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. Dec. 51(12): 1435-1440. {a} Departement de Dermopharmacie et Biophysique Cutanee, Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France

Niu, Y. H., X. Y. Yang, et al. (1999). Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on cultured rat cardiomyocytes damaged by H2O2. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. July 20(7): 635-638. {a} Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical University, Shanghai, 200032, China

Perry, E. K., A. T. Pickering, et al. (1999). Medicinal plants and Alzheimer's disease: From ethnobotany to phytotherapy. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. May 51(5): 527-534. {a} Medical Research Council, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 6BE, UK

Ranchon, I., J. M. Gorrand, et al. (1999). Functional protection of photoreceptors from light-induced damage by dimethylthiourea and Ginkgo biloba extract. IOVS . May 40(6): 1191-1199. {a} Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma, 608 S. L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA

Sharma, H. S., K. Drieu, et al. (1999). Upregulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, edema and cell injury following heat stress are reduced by pretreatment with EGB-761 in the rat. Journal of Thermal Biology. Oct. Dec. 24(5-6): 439-445. {a} Frodings Gatan 12: 28, 754 21, Uppsala, Sweden

Walter, G. and J. M. Rey (1999). The relevance of herbal treatments for psychiatric practice. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. Aug. 33(4): 482-489. {a} Rivendell Unit, Hospital Road, Concord West, NSW, 2138, Australia

Winter, J. C. and D. Timineri (1999). The discriminative stimulus properties of EGb 761, an extract of Ginkgo biloba. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 62(3): 543-547. {a} State Univ. N.Y. Buffalo, Sch. Med. Biomed. Sci., Dep. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 102 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214-3000, USA

Zhou, D., X. Zhang, et al. (1999). The effects of classic antipsychotic haloperidol plus the extract of Ginkgo biloba on superoxide dismutase in patients with chronic refractory schizophrenia. Chinese Medical Journal English Edition. Dec. 112(12): 1093-1096. {a} Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Mental Health, Beijing Medical University, Beijing, 100083, China

Colak, O., A. Sahin, et al. (1998). The effect of Ginkgo biloba on the activity of catalase and lipid peroxidation in experimental strangulation ileus. International Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research 28(1): 69-71. {a} Dep. Biochem., Osmangazi Univ., Fac. Med., Eskisehir TR-26480, Turkey

Espinosa, L. Y. and T. Terrazas (1998). Bark anatomy of some gymnosperms. Boletin de la Sociedad Botanica de Mexico. Jan. June(62): 15-28. {a} Programa de Botanica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, MEX, 56230, Mexico

Hodisan, T., M. Culea, et al. (1998). Separation, identification and quantitative determination of free amino acids from plant extracts. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 18(3): 319-323. {a} Fac. Chem. Chem. Engineering, 'Babes-Bolyai' Univ., 11 Arany Janos, 3400 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Lu, M. Z., A. E. Szmidt, et al. (1998). RNA editing in gymnosperms and its impact on the evolution of the mitochondrial coxI gene. Plant Molecular Biology 37(2): 225-234. {a} Dep. Forest Genet. Plant Physiol., Swedish Univ. Agric. Sci., 901 83 Umea, Sweden

Roesler, M., W. Retz, et al. (1998). Free radicals in Alzheimer's dementia: Currently available therapeutic strategies. Journal of Neural Transmission Supplement 54: 211-219. {a} Psychiatric Dep., Univ. Wuerzburg, Fuechsleinstrasse 15, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany

Wang, J., G. Wei, et al. (1998). Annual dynamic of nutrient elements in gingko seeds and relations with dropped seed. Forest Research 11(5): 469-473. {a} Coll. Forest Resour. Environ., Beijing For. Univ., Beijing 100083, China

Winther, K., C. Randlov, et al. (1998). Effects of Gingko biloba extract on cognitive function and blood pressure in elderly subjects. Current Therapeutic Research 59(12): 881-888. {a} Dep. Clinical Physiology, Frederiksberg Hosp., DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark

Wollenweber, E., L. Kraut, et al. (1998). External accumulation of biflavonoids on gymnosperm leaves. Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung Section C Journal of Biosciences 53(11-12): 946-950. {a} Inst. Botanik, Technischen Univ., Schnittspahnstr. 3, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany

Asami, I., T. Fujita, et al. (1997). Studies on the quality and the freshness retention of the Gingko (Ginkgo birobra) nuts, 'Kinbe' and 'Kyuju' during short storage at various temperatures. Research Bulletin of the Aichi ken Agricultural Research Center(29): 225-230.

Ihl, R. and C. Kretschmar (1997). Evaluation of Nootropika in the practice. Nervenarzt 68(11): 853-861. {a} Rheinsche Klinken, Psychiatrische Klin., Heinrich-Heine-Univ., Bergische Landstrasse 2, D-40629 Duesseldorf, Germany

Kim, S. J., M. H. Lim, et al. (1997). Effects of flavonoids of Ginkgo biloba on proliferation of human skin fibroblast. Skin Pharmacology 10(4): 200-205. {a} Dep. Dermatol., Chonnam Univ. Med. Sch., Kwangju 501-757, South Korea

Le, B. P. L., M. M. Katz, et al. (1997). A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Gingko biloba for dementia. JAMA Journal of the American Medical Association 278(16): 1327-1332. {a} New York Inst. Med. Res, 150 White Plains Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA

Lok, C. (1997). Venous leg ulcers. Annales de Dermatologie et de Venereologie 124(1): 112-121. Serv. Dermatol. Venereol., Hopital Sud, CHU, 80054 Amiens Cedex 1, France

Pietta, P. G., C. Gardana, et al. (1997). Identification of Gingko biloba flavonol metabolites after oral administration to humans. Journal of Chromatography B 693(1): 249-255. {a} CNR-ITBA, Via Ampere 56, 20131 Milan, Italy

Laurain, D., J. C. Chenieux, et al. (1996). Somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos of Gingko biloba. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 44(1): 19-24. {a} EA 1370 DRED, Plant Biotechnology Lab., Fac. Pharmacy, 31 ave. Monge, 37200 Tours, France

Mizuno, M., L. M. T. Droy, et al. (1996). Gingko biloba extract EGb 761 is a suppressor of AP-1 transcription factor stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International 39(2): 395-401. {a} Dep. Molecular Cell Biol., 251 Life Sci. Addition, Univ. California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA

Stoll, S., K. Scheuer, et al. (1996). Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) independently improves changes in passive avoidance learning and brain membrane fluidity in the aging mouse. Pharmacopsychiatry 29(4): 144-149. {a} Zentralinstitut fuer Seelische Gesundheit, Abteilung Psychopharmakologie J5, Postfach 12 21 20, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany

Van, S. J. (1996). Changes in foliar cytokinins of Salix babylonica and Ginkgo biloba prior to and during leaf senescence. South African Journal of Botany 62(1): 1-10. NU Research Unit Plant Growth Development, Dep. Botany, Univ. Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa

Koc, R. K., H. Akdemir, et al. (1995). Lipid peroxidation in experimental spinal cord injury: Comparison of treatment with Ginkgo biloba, TRH and methylprednisolone. Research in Experimental Medicine 195(2): 117-123. {a} Dep. Neurosurg., Erciyes Univ., Sch. Med., TR-38039 Kayseri, Turkey

Belcheva, S., E. Konstantinova, et al. (1994). Gingko biloba L. and Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. as memory-enhancing and anti-anxiety drugs. Dokladi na B"lgarskata Akademiya na Naukite 47(2): 121-124. Inst. Physiol., Bulgarian Acad. Sci., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria

Brinkman, J. A. and R. E. J. Boerner (1994). Nitrogen fertilization effects on foliar nutrient dynamics and autumnal resorption in maidenhair tree (Ginkgo biloba L.). Journal of Plant Nutrition 17(2-3): 433-443. Dep. Plant Biol., Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH 43210, USA

Meurer, G. B. and D. W. Stevenson (1994). The biflavones of the Cycadales revisited: Biflavones in Stangeria eriopus, Chigua restrepoi and 32 other species of Cycadales. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 22(6): 595-603. {a} Lehman Coll., City Univ. New York, 250 Bedford Blvd. West, Davis Hall, NY 10468, USA

Dorman, D. C., L. M. Cote, et al. (1992). Effects of an extract of Ginkgo biloba on bromethalin-induced cerebral lipid peroxidation and edema in rats. American Journal Of Veterinary Research 53(1): 138-142.

Matile, P., B. M. P. Flach, et al. (1992). Autumn leaves of Ginkgo biloba L.: Optical properties, pigments and optical brighteners. Botanica Acta 105(1): 13-17.

Flesch, V., M. Jacques, et al. (1991). Effects of light and temperature on growth of Ginkgo biloba cultivated under controlled long day conditions. Annales Des Sciences Forestieres 48(2): 133-148.

Herbage, D., R. Willems, et al. (1991). Evaluation of the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract and its constituents on fibrillogenesis and stability of collagen fibrils in vitro. Phlebologie 44(4): 873-880.

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Grosdemouge, C., P. L. M. Le, et al. (1502). Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on the early rupture of the blood-brain barrier in rats. Presse Medicale 15(31): 1502-1505.

Taylor, J. E. (1491). Binding of neuromediators to their receptors in rat brain: Effect of chronic administration of Ginkgo biloba extract. Presse Medicale 15(31): 1491-1493.