Source: AGRICOLA database (1970-1996)

Coskuner, Y., N. Turker, et al. (2000). Effect of pH and temperature on the thermostability of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) yellow-orange pigments. Nahrung . [print] August 44(4): 261-263. {a} Engineering Faculty, Department of Food Engineering, University of Mersin, TR-33342, Ciftlikkoy, Mersin, Turkey

Dean, W. R. J. and S. J. Milton (2000). Directed dispersal of Opuntia species in the Karoo, South Africa: Are crows the responsible agents? Journal of Arid Environments. [print] August 45(4): 305-314. {a} Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 1700, South Africa

Nerd, A. and P. S. Nobel (2000). Water relations during ripening for fruit of well-watered versus water-stressed Opuntia ficus-indica. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. [print] September 125(5): 653-657. {a} Department of Organismic Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1606, USA

Nobel, P. S. and l. B. E. De (2000). Carbon and water balances for young fruits of platyopuntias. Physiologia Plantarum. [print] June 109(2): 160-166. {a} Department of Organismic Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1606, USA

Pimienta, B. E., J. Zanudo, et al. (2000). Seasonal variation of net CO2 uptake for cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) and pitayo (Stenocereus queretaroensis) in a semi-arid environment. Journal of Arid Environments. Jan. 44(1): 73-83. {a} Cerrada de la Maestranza 924, Residencial Guadalupe Jardin, 45030, Zapopan, JAL, Mexico

Fa, J. E., C. M. Sharples, et al. (1999). Habitat correlates of European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) distribution after the spread of RVHD in Cadiz Province, Spain. Journal of Zoology London. Sept. 249(1): 83-96. {a} Les Augres Manor, Trinity, Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust, Jersey, JE3 5BP, UK

Githure, C. W., H. G. Zimmermann, et al. (1999). Host specificity of biotypes of Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae): Prospects for biological control of Opuntia stricta (Haworth) Haworth (Cactaceae) in Africa. African Entomology. March 7(1): 43-48. {a} Weeds Research Division, ARC - Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa

Inglese, P., G. Barbera, et al. (1999). Seasonal reproductive and vegetative growth patterns and resource allocation during cactus pear fruit growth. Hortscience 34(1): 69-72. {a} Ist. Coltivazioni Arboree, Univ. Studi Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy

Kiesling, R. (1999). New synonyms of Opuntia ficus-indica (Cactaceae). Hickenia Boletin del Darwinion. Jan. 2(62-67): 309-314. {a} Instituto de Botanica Darwinion, 1642, San Isidro, Argentina

Linton, M. J. and P. S. Nobel (1999). Loss of water transport capacity due to xylem cavitation in roots of two CAM succulents. American Journal of Botany. Nov. 86(11): 1538-1543. {a} Department of Organismic Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Llamoca, Z. R. M., L. F. Aguiar, et al. (1999). Whole plant regeneration from the shoot apical meristem of Opuntia ficus-indica Mill. (Cactaceae). Journal of Applied Botany. Sept. 73(3-4): 83-85. {a} Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, 60001-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

Llamoca, Z. R. M., P. L. F. Aguiar, et al. (1999). Biolistic-mediated transient gene expression in shoot apical meristems of the prickly-pear (Opuntia ficus-indica). Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 42(3): 299-302. {a} Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, 60001-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

Llamoca, Z. R. M., G. C. Studart, et al. (1999). Establishment of callus and cell suspension cultures of Opuntia ficus-indica. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 58(2): 155-157. {a} Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, 60001-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

Mason, M. C., G. I. H. Kerley, et al. (1999). Leopard tortoises (Geochelone pardalis) in Valley Bushveld, Eastern Cape, South Africa: Specialist or generalist herbivores? Chelonian Conservation and Biology. Dec. 3(3): 435-440. {a} Department of Herpetology, Port Elizabeth Museum, Humewood, 6013, South Africa

Nogales, M., E. C. Hernandez, et al. (1999). Seed dispersal by common ravens Corvus corax among island habitats (Canarian Archipelago). Ecoscience 6(1): 56-61. {a} Departamento de Biologia Animal (Zoologia), 38206, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain

Raveh, E. and P. S. Nobel (1999). CO2 uptake and water loss accompanying vernalization for detached cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica. International Journal of Plant Sciences 160(1): 92-97. {a} Department of Organismic Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1606, USA

Santos, M., K. T. Eisses, et al. (1999). Competition and genotype-by-environment interaction in natural breeding substrates of Drosophila. Evolution 53(1): 175-186. {a} Dep. Genetica Micobiologia, Univ. Autonoma Barcelona, 08193 Bellatera, Barcelona, Spain

Schirra, M., P. Inglese, et al. (1999). Quality of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) fruit in relation to ripening time, CaCl2 pre-harvest sprays and storage conditions. Scientia Horticulturae Amsterdam. Oct. 81(4): 425-436. {a} CNR - Istituto per la Fisiologia della Maturazione e della Conservazione del Frutto delle Specie Arboree Mediterranee, Localita Palloni, Nuraxinieddu, 09170, Oristano, Italy

Stintzing, F. C., A. Schieber, et al. (1999). Amino acid composition and betaxanthin formation in fruits from Opuntia ficus-indica. Planta Medica. Oct. 65(7): 632-635. {a} Institut fuer Lebensmitteltechnologie der Universitaet Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 25, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany

Drennan, P. M. and P. S. Nobel (1998). Root growth dependence of soil temperature for Opuntia ficus-indica: Influences of air temperature and a doubled CO2 concentration. Functional Ecology 12(6): 959-964. {a} Dep. Biol., Univ. Calif., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA

Dubrovsky, J., G. B. North, et al. (1998). Root growth, developmental changes in the apex, and hydraulic conductivity for Opuntia ficus-indica during drought. New Phytologist 138(1): 75-82. {a} Dep. Biol., University California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA

Inglese, P., I. Chessa, et al. (1998). Evolution of endogenous gibberellins at different stages of flowering in relation to return bloom of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Miller). Scientia Horticulturae Amsterdam 73(1): 45-51. {a} Dip. Agrochimica Agrobiologia, Univ. Studi Reggio Calabria, Piazza S. Francesco 7, 89061 Gallina del Reggio Calabria, Italy

Milton, S. J. and W. R. J. Dean (1998). Alien plant assemblages near roads in arid and semi-arid South Africa. Diversity and Distributions. July 4(4): 175-187. {a} Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa

Nobel, P. S. and M. Castaneda (1998). Seasonal, light, and temperature influences on organ initiation for unrooted cladodes of the prickly pear cactus Opuntia ficus-indica. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 123(1): 47-51. {a} Dep. Biol., Univ. Calif., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA

Park, E. H., S. E. Hwang, et al. (1998). Anti-inflammatory activity of Opuntia ficus-indica. Yakhak Hoeji 42(6): 621-626. {a} Coll. Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's Univ., Seoul 140-172, South Korea

Park, E. H., J. H. Kahng, et al. (1998). Studies on the pharmacological actions of cactus: Identification of its anti-inflammatory effect. Archives of Pharmacal Research Seoul 21(1): 30-34. {a} Coll. Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's Univ., Seoul 140-742, South Korea

Rodriguez, S., S. Macias, et al. (1998). Characterization of prickly pear juice (Opuntia ficus-indica) by means of regressive and micrographic analysis. Acta Farmaceutica Bonaerense 17(4): 245-254. {a} Catedra de Bromatologia, Depto de Industrias Alimentarias, Facultad de Agronomica y Agroindustrias, Univ. Nac. de Sgo. del Estero, Av. Belgrano(S) 1912, 4200, Santiago del Estero, Argentina

Uchoa, A. F., P. A. S. Souza, et al. (1998). Isolation and characterization of a reserve protein from the seeds of Opuntia ficus-indica (Cactaceae). Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 31(6): 757-761. {a} Departamento de Bioquimica e Biologia Molecular, UFCE Caixa Postal 1065, 60001-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

Wang, N., H. Zhang, et al. (1998). Carbon flow and carbohydrate metabolism during sink-to-source transition for developing cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica. Journal of Experimental Botany 49(328): 1835-1843. {a} DuPont Central Res. Dev., Exp. Stn., PO Box 80328, Wilmington, DE 19880, USA

La, M. T., G. Barbera, et al. (1997). Effect of cladode shading on growth and ripening of fruits of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Miller). Journal of Horticultural Science 72(2): 299-304. {a} Ist. di Colture Legnose Agrarie e Forestali, Univ. degli Studi di Reggio Calabria, 89061 Reggio Calabria, Italy

North, G. B. and P. S. Nobel (1997). Drought-induced changes in soil contact and hydraulic conductivity for roots of Opuntia ficus-indica with and without rhizosheaths. Plant and Soil 191(2): 249-258. Dep. Biol., Univ. Calif., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA

Pretorius, C. C., N. F. G. Rethman, et al. (1997). Effect of irrigation on total yield and nutritive value of Opuntia ficus-indica cultivars as livestock feed. Applied Plant Science 11(2): 53-55. Dep. Plantproduksie en Grondkunde, Fakulteit, Biol. landbouwetenskappe, Univ. Van Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa

Quezada, D. J. E., H. Laayouni, et al. (1997). Breeding structure of Drosophila buzzatii in relation to competition in prickly pears (Opuntia ficus-indica). Genetics Selection Evolution Paris 29(4): 367-382. {a} Dep. Genet. Microbiol., Univ. Autonoma Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain

Schirra, M., M. Agabbio, et al. (1997). Postharvest heat conditioning effects on early ripening 'Gialla' cactus pear fruit. Hortscience 32(4): 702-704. {a} C.N.R.-Istituto Fisiologia Della Maturazione della Conservazione Frutto delle Specie Arboree Mediterranee, 09179 Oristano, Italy

Schirra, M., G. Barbera, et al. (1997). Storage response of cactus pear fruit to CaCl-2 preharvest spray and postharvest heat treatment. Journal of Horticultural Science 72(3): 371-377. {a} CNR-Ist. per la Fisiol. della Maturazione della Conservazione del Frutto delle Specie Arboree Mediterranee, Sassari-Oristano, Italy

Wang, N., H. Zhang, et al. (1997). Phloem-xylem water flow in developing cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica during sink-to-source transition. Journal of Experimental Botany 48(308): 675-682. {a} Dep. Biol., Univ. California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA

Fabbri, A., A. Cicala, et al. (1996). Anatomy of adventitious root formation in Opuntia ficusindica cladodes. Journal of Horticultural Science 71(2): 235-242. Ist. Coltivazioni Arboree, Univ. Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy

Le, H. H. N. (1996). The role of cacti (Opuntia spp.) in erosion control, land reclamation, rehabilitation and agricultural development in the Mediterranean basin. Journal of Arid Environments 33(2): 135-159. Climate change, Drought and Desertification, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 327 rue A.L. De Jussieu, F-34090, Montpellier, France

Nobel, P. S. (1996). Shading, osmoticum, and hormone effects on organ development for detached cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica. International Journal of Plant Sciences 157(6): 722-728. Dep. Biol., Univ. Calif., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA

Nobel, P. S. (1996). Responses of some North American CAM plants to freezing temperatures and doubled CO-2 concentrations: Implications of global climate change for extending cultivation. Journal of Arid Environments 34(2): 187-196. Dep. Biol, Univ. California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA

Nobel, P. S., A. A. Israel, et al. (1996). Growth, CO-2 uptake, and responses of the carboxylating enzymes to inorganic carbon in two highly productive CAM species at current and doubled CO-2 concentrations. Plant Cell and Environment 19(5): 585-592. {a} UCLA-DOE Lab., 900 Veteran Ave., Univ. Calif., Los Angeles, CA 90024-1786, USA

North, G. B. and P. S. Nobel (1996). Radial hydraulic conductivity of individual root tissues of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller as soil moisture varies. Annals of Botany London 77(2): 133-142. {a} Dep. Biol., Univ. Calif., Los Angeles, CA 90024-1786, USA

Perfumi, M. and R. Tacconi (1996). Effect of 'Opuntia ficus-indica flower infusion on urinary and electrolyte excretion in rats. Fitoterapia 67(5): 459-464. {a} Inst. Pharmacol., Univ. Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy

Torta, L. and D. Costantino (1996). First record of the association within mycorrhizal fungi and roots of loquat, carob and prickly pear. Micologia Italiana 25(2): 43-48. Istituto di Patologia Vegetale, Universita degli Studi, Palermo, Italy

Wang, N. and P. S. Nobel (1996). Doubling the CO-2 concentration enhanced the activity of carbohydrate-metabolism enzymes, source carbohydrate production, photoassimilate transport, and sink strength for Opuntia ficus-indica. Plant Physiology Rockville 110(3): 893-902. {a} UCLA-DOE Lab., Dep. Biol., Univ. California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1786, USA

Boza, J., J. Fonolla, et al. (1995). Use of the prickly pear (Opuntia fiscus-indica) in animal feed. Avances en Alimentacion y Mejora Animal 35(3): 3-6. {a} Dep. de Nutricion Anim., Estacion Exp. del Zaidin, Granada

Gutterman, Y. (1995). Flower and fruit developmental stages of the xerophyte Opuntia ficus-indica. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 43(3): 271-280. Jacob Blaustein Desert Res., Dep. Life Sci., Ben-Gurion Univ. Negev, Sede Boker Campus 84990, Israel

Gutterman, Y. (1995). Environmental factors affecting flowering and fruit development of Opuntia Ficus-Indica cuttings during the three weeks before planting. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 43(2): 151-157. Jacob Blaustein Inst. Desert Res. Dep. Life Sci. Ben-Gurin Univ. Negev, 84990 Sede Boker Campus, Israel

Inglese, P., G. Barbera, et al. (1995). Research strategies for the improvement of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) fruit quality and production. Journal of Arid Environments 29(4): 455-468. {a} Ist. Colture Legnose Agrarie Forestali, Univ. Reggio Calabria, 89061 Reggio Calabria, Italy

Inglese, P., G. Barbera, et al. (1995). Crop Production, Growth, and Ultimate Size of Cactus Pear Fruit following Fruit Thinning. Hortscience 30(2): 227-230. {a} Ist. Colture Legnose Agrarie Forestali Univ. Reggio Calabria, 89061 Reggio Calabria, Italy

Israel, A. A. and P. S. Nobel (1995). Growth temperature versus CO-2 uptake, Rubisco and PEPCase activities, and enzyme high-temperature sensitivities for a CAM plant. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Montrouge 33(3): 345-351. {a} Dep. Biol., UCLA-DOE Lab., Univ. California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1786, USA

Lopez, M. R. and O. L. R. Castanon (1995). Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans from bird droppings, fruits and vegetables in Mexico City. Mycopathologia 129(1): 25-28. {a} Dep. Microbiol. Parasitol., Fac. Med. UNAM, Ciudad Univ., Delegacion Coyoacan, Mexico DF 04510, Mexico

Mohamed, Y. Y., S. A. Barringer, et al. (1995). Rapid propagation of tuna (Opuntia ficus-indica) and plant establishment in soil. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 42(1): 117-119. {a} Univ. Ill., Dep. Horticulture, S-406 Turner Hall, 1102 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

Nerd, A. and P. S. Nobel (1995). Accumulation, partitioning, and assimilation of nitrate in Opuntia ficus-indica. Journal of Plant Nutrition 18(12): 2533-2549. {a} Inst. Applied Res., Ben-Gurion, Univ. Negev, Beer-Sheva 84110, Israel

Nobel, P. S., N. Wang, et al. (1995). Low-temperature tolerance and acclimation of Opuntia spp. after injecting glucose or methylglucose. International Journal of Plant Sciences 156(4): 496-504. {a} UCLA-DOE Lab., Univ. California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1786, USA

North, G. B., T. L. Moore, et al. (1995). Cladode development for Opuntia ficus-indica (Cactaceae) under current and doubled CO-2 concentrations. American Journal of Botany 82(2): 159-166. {a} Dep. Biology, Univ. Calif., Los Angeles, CA 90024-1606, USA

Wang, N. and P. S. Nobel (1995). Phloem exudate collected via scale insect stylets for the CAM species Opuntia ficus-indica under current and doubled CO-2 concentrations. Annals of Botany London 75(5): 525-532. {a} Dep. Biol., UCLA-DOE Lab., Univ. California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1606, USA

Barbera, G., P. Inglese, et al. (1994). Seed content and fruit characteristics in cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill.). Scientia Horticulturae Amsterdam 58(1-2): 161-165. {a} Istituto Coltivazioni Arboree, Universita Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy

Cui, M. and P. S. Nobel (1994). Gas exchange and growth responses to elevated CO-2 and light levels in the CAM species Opuntia ficus-indica. Plant Cell and Environment 17(8): 935-944. {a} Lab. Biomed. and Environ. Sci., Univ. Calif., Los Angeles, CA 90024-1786, USA

Cui, M. and P. S. Nobel (1994). Water budgets and root hydraulic conductivity of opuntias shifted to low temperatures. International Journal of Plant Sciences 155(2): 167-172. {a} UCLA-DOE Lab., Dep. Biol., Univ. Calif., Los Angeles, CA 90024-1786, USA

Esteban, V. E. and L. F. Gallardo (1994). Nutrition and macronutrient metabolism in prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica). Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation 8(3): 235-246. {a} Departamento de Quimica Agricola, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin, Calle Profesor Albareda No. 1, 18008 Granada, Spain

Goldstein, G. and P. S. Nobel (1994). Water relations and low-temperature acclimation for cactus species varying in freezing tolerance. Plant Physiology Rockville 104(2): 675-681. {a} Dep. Biol., Lab. Biomed. Environmental Sci., Univ. California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA

Inglese, P., G. Barbera, et al. (1994). The effect of different amounts of cladode removal on reflowering of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller). Journal of Horticultural Science 69(1): 61-65. {a} Istituto di Colture Legnose Agrarie e Forestali, Universita di Reggio Calabria, 89061, Italy

Inglese, P., A. A. Israel, et al. (1994). Growth and CO-2 uptake for cladodes and fruit of the Crassulacean acid metabolism species Opuntia ficus-indica during fruit development. Physiologia Plantarum 91(4): 708-714. {a} Dep. Biol., UCLA-DOE Lab., Univ. Calif., Los Angeles, CA 90024-1606, USA

Israel, A. A. and P. S. Nobel (1994). Activities of carboxylating enzymes in the CAM species Opuntia ficus-indica grown under current and elevated CO-2 concentrations. Photosynthesis Research 40(3): 223-229. {a} UCLA-DOE Lab., Warren Hall, University California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1786, USA

Nerd, A. and Y. Mizrahi (1994). Effect of nitrogen fertilization and organ removal on rebudding in Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller. Scientia Horticulturae Amsterdam 59(2): 115-122. {a} Inst. Applied Res., Ben-Gurion Univ. Negev, P.O. Box 1025, Beer-Sheva 84110, Israel

Nobel, P. S., J. L. Andrade, et al. (1994). Water potentials for developing cladodes and fruits of a succulent plant, including xylem-versus-phloem implications for water movement. Journal of Experimental Botany 45(281): 1801-1807. {a} Dep. Biol. UCLA-DOE Lab., Univ. California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1606, USA

Nobel, P. S., M. Cui, et al. (1994). Light, chlorophyll, carboxylase activity and CO-2 fixation at various depths in the chlorenchyma of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller under current and elevated CO-2. New Phytologist 128(2): 315-322. Dep. Biol., UCLA-DOE Lab., Univ. Calif., Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA

Nobel, P. S., M. Cui, et al. (1994). Influences of soil volume and an elevated CO-2 level on growth and CO-2 exchange for the Crassulacean acid metabolism plant Opuntia ficus-indica. Physiologia Plantarum 90(1): 173-180. {a} UCLA-DOE Lab., Univ. Calif., Los Angeles, CA 90024-1786, USA

Nobel, P. S. and A. A. Israel (1994). Cladode development, environmental responses of CO-2 uptake, and productivity for Opuntia ficus-indica under elevated CO-2. Journal of Experimental Botany 45(272): 295-303. {a} UCLA-DOE Lab., Warren Hall, Univ. California, 900 Veteran Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90024-1606, USA

Wessels, A. B. (1994). Nopalitos production and nutritional potential with ultrahigh density planting of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Applied Plant Science 8(2): 64-66. Dep. Plant Production Soil Sci., Univ. Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa

Cui, M., P. M. Miller, et al. (1993). CO-2 exchange and growth of the Crassulacean acid metabolism plant Opuntia ficus-indica under elevated CO-2 in open-top chambers. Plant Physiology Rockville 103(2): 519-524. {a} Lab. Biomedical Environmental Sci., Dep. Biol., Univ. California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1786, USA

Eller, B. M., B. R. Ruess, et al. (1993). Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in the chlorenchyma and hydrenchyma of Aloe leaves and Opuntia cladodes: Field determinations in an Aloe-habitat in southern Africa. Botanica Helvetica 103(2): 201-205. Inst. Pflanzenbiol., Univ. Zuerich, Zollikerstr. 107, CH-8008 Zuerich, Switzerland

Gersani, M., E. A. Graham, et al. (1993). Growth responses of individual roots of Opuntia ficus-indica to salinity. Plant Cell and Environment 16(7): 827-834. {a} Dep. Biol., Univ. Calif., Los Angeles, CA 90024-1606, USA

Huang, B. and P. S. Nobel (1993). Hydraulic conductivity and anatomy along lateral roots of cacti: Changes with soil water status. New Phytologist 123(3): 499-507. {a} Dep. Biol., Univ. Calif., Los Angeles, CA 90024-1606

Huang, B., G. B. North, et al. (1993). Soil sheaths, photosynthate distribution to roots, and rhizosphere water relations for Opuntia ficus-indica. International Journal of Plant Sciences 154(3): 425-431. {a} Lab. Biomedical and Environmental Sci., Dep. Biol., Univ. California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1786, USA

Leuenberger, B. E. (1993). Interpretation and typification of Cactus opuntia L., Opuntia vulgaris Mill., and Opuntia humifusa (Rafin.) Rafin. (Cactaceae). Taxon 42(2): 419-429. Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Koenigin-Luise-Str. 6-8, W-1000 Berlin 33, Germany

Loik, M. E. and P. S. Nobel (1993). Exogenous abscisic acid mimics cold acclimation for cacti differing in freezing tolerance. Plant Physiology Rockville 103(3): 871-876. {a} Dep. Biol., Lab. Biomed. Environ. Sci., Univ. Calif., Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA

Luo, Y. and P. S. Nobel (1993). Growth characteristics of newly initiated cladodes of Opuntia ficus indica as affected by shading, drought and elevated carbon dioxide. Physiologia Plantarum 87(4): 467-474. {a} Dep. Biol., Lab. Biomed. and Environ. Sci., Univ. Calif., Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA

Varvaro, L., G. Granata, et al. (1993). Severe Erwinia caused damage on Opuntia ficus indica in Italy. Journal of Phytopathology Berlin 138(4): 325-330. {a} Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante, Universita della Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy

Weiss, J., A. Nerd, et al. (1993). Vegetative parthenocarpy in the cactus pear Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Annals of Botany London 72(6): 521-526. {a} Dep. Life Sci., Ben-Gurion Univ. Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

Alm, D. J., J. Cavelier, et al. (1992). A finite-element model of radial and axial conductivities for individual roots: Development and validation for two desert succulents. Annals Of Botany 69(1): 87-92.

Barbera, G., F. Carimi, et al. (1992). Past and present role of the Indian-fig prickly-pear (Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Miller, Cactaceae) in the agriculture of Sicily. Economic Botany 46(1): 10-20.

Cantwell, M., F. A. Rodriguez, et al. (1992). Postharvest physiology of prickly pear cactus stems. Scientia Horticulturae 50(1-2): 1-9.

Carneiro, M. S. D. S. and O. J. Viana (1992). Methods of applying organic fertilizer of bovine origin on giant cacti (Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill). Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia 21(5): 906-911. Dep. Zootec. da UFC

Cui, M. and P. S. Nobel (1992). Nutrient status, water uptake and gas exchange for three desert succulents infected with mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytologist 122(4): 643-649. {a} Dep. Biol., Univ. California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1606, USA

Garcia, D. C. V. and P. S. Nobel (1992). Biomass and fruit production for the prickly pear cactus, Opuntia ficus indica. Journal Of The American Society For Horticultural Science 117(4): 558-562.

Henderson, L. (1992). Invasive alien woody plants of the eastern Cape. Bothalia 22(1): 119-143.

Luo, Y. and P. S. Nobel (1992). Carbohydrate partitioning and compartmental analysis for a highly productive CAM plant, Opuntia ficus indica. Annals of Botany London 70(6): 551-559. {a} Dep. Biology, Lab. Biomedical Environmental Sciences, Univ. Calif., Los Angeles, Calif. 90024, USA

Nobel, P. S., D. M. Alm, et al. (1992). Growth respiration, maintenance respiration and structural-carbon costs for roots of three desert succulents. Functional Ecology 6(1): 79-85.

Nobel, P. S. and M. Cui (1992). Shrinkage of attached roots of Opuntia ficus indica in response to lowered water potentials: Predicted consequences for water uptake or loss to soil. Annals of Botany London 70(6): 485-491. {a} Dep. Biology, Univ. Calif., Los Angeles, Calif. 90024, USA

Nobel, P. S. and M. Cui (1992). Hydraulic conductances of the soil, the root-soil air gap, and the root: Changes for desert succulents in drying soil. Journal Of Experimental Botany 43(248): 319-326.

North, G. B. and P. S. Nobel (1992). Drought-induced changes in hydraulic conductivity and structure in roots of Ferocactus acanthodes and Opuntia ficus indica. New Phytologist 120(1): 9-19.

Ouelhazi, N. K., R. Ghrir, et al. (1992). Invertase from Opuntia ficus indica fruits. Phytochemistry 31(1): 59-62.

Wessels, A. B. and L. C. Holtzhausen (1992). The evaluation of fifteen spineless prickly pear cultivars (Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill.) for fresh fruit production in the Pretoria region. Suid Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 11(2): 54-59. {a} Dep. Plantproduksie, Univ. Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, S, Afr

Winter, K. and M. Lesch (1992). Diurnal changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence and carotenoid composition in Opuntia ficus indica, a CAM plant, and in three C-3 species in Portugal during summer. Oecologia Heidelberg 91(4): 505-510. {a} Smithsonian Tropical Res. Inst., Box 2072, Balboa, Panama

Burla, H. and G. Bachli (1991). Notes on rearing drosophilid species from both cultivated and natural fruits. Mitteilungen Der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 64(1-2): 45-53.

Garcia, D. C. V. and P. S. Nobel (1991). Prediction and measurement of high annual productivity for Opuntia ficus indica. Agricultural And Forest Meteorology 56(3-4): 261-272.

Goldstein, G., J. L. Andrade, et al. (1991). Differences in water relations parameters for the chlorenchyma and the parenchyma of Opuntia ficus indica under wet versus dry conditions. Australian Journal Of Plant Physiology 18(2): 95-108.

Goldstein, G. and P. S. Nobel (1991). Changes in osmotic pressure and mucilage during low-temperature acclimation of Opuntia ficus indica. Plant Physiology 97(3): 954-961.

Goldstein, G., J. K. E. Ortega, et al. (1991). Diel patterns of water potential components for the Crassulacean acid metabolism plant Opuntia ficus indica when well-watered or droughted. Plant Physiology 95(1): 274-280.

Hatzmann, S., G. Ebert, et al. (1991). Influence of sodium chloride salinity on growth, ion uptake, and gas exchange of Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Miller. Angewandte Botanik 65(3-4): 161-168.

Henderson, L. (1991). Invasive alien woody plants of the northern Cape. Bothalia 21(2): 177-189.

Henderson, L. (1991). Invasive alien woody plants of the Orange Free State (South Africa). Bothalia 21(1): 73-90.

Leuenberger, B. E. (1991). Interpretation and typification of Cactus ficus indica L. and Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Miller (Cactaceae). Taxon 40(4): 621-627.

Lopez, F. B. and P. S. Nobel (1991). Root hydraulic conductivity of two cactus species in relation to root age, temperature, and soil water status. Journal Of Experimental Botany 42(235): 143-150.

Nerd, A., A. Karadi, et al. (1991). Salt tolerance of prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus indica). Plant And Soil 137(2): 201-208.

Nerd, A., A. Karady, et al. (1991). Out-of-season prickly pear: Fruit characteristics and effect of fertilization and short droughts on productivity. Hortscience 26(5): 527-529.

Nerd, A. and P. S. Nobel (1991). Effects of drought on water relations and nonstructural carbohydrates in cladodes of Opuntia ficus indica. Physiologia Plantarum 81(4): 495-500.

Nobel, P. S. and D. C. V. Garcia (1991). Growth and predicted productivity of Opuntia ficus indica for current and elevated carbon dioxide. Agronomy Journal 83(1): 224-230.

Nobel, P. S. and C. H. Lee (1991). Variations in root water potentials: Influence of environmental factors for two succulent species. Annals Of Botany 67(6): 549-554.

Garcia, D. C. V. and P. S. Nobel (1990). Worldwide environmental productivity indices and yield predictions for a CAM plant, Opuntia ficus indica, including effects of doubled carbon dioxide levels. Agricultural And Forest Meteorology 49(4): 261-280.

Nobel, P. S. (1990). Low-temperature tolerance and carbon dioxide uptake for platyopuntias: A laboratory assessment. Journal Of Arid Environments 18(3): 313-324.

Saiz, M. and J. Fernandez (1990). Effect of water relations on cladode size in Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Miller. Phyton 51(2): 125-132.

Adams, W. W., III, M. Diaz, et al. (1989). Diurnal changes in photochemical efficiency, the reduction state of Q, radiationless energy dissipation, and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching in cacti exposed to natural sunlight in northern Venezuela. Oecologia 80(4): 553-561.

Carneiro, M. S. D. S., O. J. Viana, et al. (1989). Cutting systems on the giant cactus (Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill.) and sweet cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm.-Dick). Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Zootecnia 18(6): 526-531.

Ellenberg, H. (1989). Opuntia dellenii as a problematic neophyte in the Yemen Arabic Republic. Flora 182(1-2): 3-12.

Nerd, A., A. Karady, et al. (1989). Irrigation, fertilization, and polyethylene covers influence bud development in prickly pear. Hortscience 24(5): 773-775.

Nobel, P. S. (1989). Influence of photoperiod on growth for three desert CAM species. Botanical Gazette 150(1): 9-14.

Nobel, P. S. and J. A. Palta (1989). Soil oxygen and carbon dioxide effects on root respiration of cacti. Plant And Soil 120(2): 263-272.

Palta, J. A. and P. S. Nobel (1989). Influences of water status, temperature, and root age on daily patterns of root respiration of two cactus species. Annals Of Botany 63(6): 651-662.

Robertson, H. G. and J. H. Hoffmann (1989). Mortality and life-tables of Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) compared on two host-plant species. Bulletin Of Entomological Research 79(1): 7-18.

Tirro, A. (1989). Characteristics of some strains of Armillaria mellea from prickly-pear cactus plants. Micologia Italiana 18(3): 7-11.

Cacciola, S. O. and D. S. L. G. Magnano (1988). Foot rot prickly pear cactus caused by Phytophthora nicotianae. Plant Disease 72(9): 793-796.

Chetti, M. B. and P. S. Nobel (1988). Recovery of photosynthetic reactions after high-temperature treatments of a heat-tolerant cactus. Photosynthesis Research 18(3): 277-286.

Mascarua, E. M. A., G. R. Villa, et al. (1988). Acetylene reduction and IAA production by Azospirillum isolates from cactaceous plants. Plant And Soil 106(1): 91-96.

Robertson, H. G. (1988). Spatial and temporal patterns of predation by ants on eggs of Cactoblastis cactorum. Ecological Entomology 13(2): 207-214.

Brulfert, J., M. Kluge, et al. (1987). Characterization of carbon metabolism in Opuntia ficus indica Mill. exhibiting the idling mode of crassulacean acid metabolism. Planta 170(1): 92-98.

Moran, V. C. and J. H. Hoffmann (1987). The effects of simulated and natural rainfall on cochineal insects (Homoptera: Dactylopiidae): Colony distribution and survival on cactus cladodes. Ecological Entomology 12(1): 61-68.

Moran, V. C., J. H. Hoffmann, et al. (1987). The effects of simulated rainfall on cochineal insects (Homoptera: Dactylopiidae): Colony composition and survival on cactus cladodes. Ecological Entomology 12(1): 51-60.

Retamal, N. and J. M. Duran (1987). Stomatal distribution in cladodes of prickley pear (Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill.). Phytomorphology 37(2-3): 243-248.

Robertson, H. G. (1987). Oviposition site selection in Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera): Constraints and compromises. Oecologia 73(4): 601-608.

Strack, D., U. Engel, et al. (1987). Neobetanin: A new natural plant constituent. Phytochemistry 26(8): 2399-2400.

Garcia, D. C. V. and P. S. Nobel (1986). Modeling of photosynthetically active radiation interception and productivity of a prickly pear cactus, Opuntia ficus indica, at various spacings. Agronomy Journal 78(1): 80-85.

Nobel, P. S. and T. L. Hartsock (1986). Environmental influences on the productivity of three desert succulents in the southwestern USA. Plant Cell And Environment 9(9): 741-750.

Ruiz, A., A. Fontdevila, et al. (1986). The evolutionary History of Drosophila buzzati: VIII. Evidence for endocyclic selection acting on the inversion polymorphism in a natural population. Evolution 40(4): 740-755.

Alard, D., V. Wray, et al. (1985). Neobetanin: Isolation and identification from Beta vulgaris ssp. conditiva. Phytochemistry 24(10): 2383-2386.

Berry, W. L. and P. S. Nobel (1985). Influence of soil and mineral stresses on cacti. Journal Of Plant Nutrition 8(8): 679-696.

Zizza, A., L. W. De, et al. (1985). Melissopalynocards of Sicilian Apiarian Flora (Italy): Cultivated species. Bollettino Dell'Accademia Gioenia Di Scienze Naturali 18(325): 103-214.

Henderson, L. and K. J. Musil (1984). Exotic woody plant invaders of the Transvaal (South Africa). Bothalia 15(1-2): 297-314.

Nobel, P. S. and R. W. Meyer (1252). Biomechanics of cladodes and cladode-cladode junctions for Opuntia ficus indica (Cactaceae). American Journal Of Botany 78(9): 1252-1259.

Nobel, P. S., F. B. Lopez, et al. (1215). Water uptake and respiration of root systems of two cacti: Observations and predictions bases on individual roots. Journal Of Experimental Botany 42(243): 1215-1224.

Chetti, M. B. and P. S. Nobel (1063). High-temperature sensitivity and its acclimation for photosynthetic electron transport reactions of desert succulents. Plant Physiology 84(4): 1063-1067.

Nobel, P. S. (1031). Soil oxygen and carbon dioxide effects on apparent cell viability for roots of desert succulents. Journal Of Experimental Botany 41(229): 1031-1038.

Lima, I. M. D. M., A. F. D. S. L. Veiga, et al. Morphology of the egg and immature stages of Zagloba beaumonti Casey (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 9(3-4): 187-196. {a} Dep. Zool., Univ. Fed. Alagoas, Praca Afranio Jorge, 57010-000 Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil